An Interview Between ‘The Cold Podcast’ and Thomas R. Jackson.

The following is an impromptu interview that the creators of ‘The Cold Podcasters’ conducted with Thomas Richard Jackson, who is a suspect in the Nancy Perry-Baird disappearance.

Dave Cawley: We’ve come, unannounced, in the hopes of talking to one of the other men who worked for the East Layton Police Department in 1975.
(Sound of seat belt click)
Sheryl Worsley: We’ll see. (Laughs)
Dave Cawley: See what kind of reception we get.
Dave Cawley: His name is Thomas Jackson, Junior. As we walk toward his door, a tall white-haired man steps out.
Dave Cawley (to Tom Jackson): Hi, how you doing? Are you Tom?
Dave Cawley: Tom Jackson can see the microphone in my hand. He asks “uh oh, what did I do now” with a bit of a laugh.
Dave Cawley (to Tom Jackson): You did nothing.
Sheryl Worsley: You didn’t do anything. (Laughs)
Dave Cawley: We’re doing a history project on the Nancy Baird case. From way back in—
Tom Jackson: Oh, Nancy Perry Baird?
Dave Cawley: You got it.
Tom Jackson: When I was a cop? Yeah.
Dave Cawley: Yeah.
Sheryl Worsley: Yeah.
Tom Jackson: Oh, that’d be great. Uh, you want to come in?
Dave Cawley: Is that ok?
Sheryl Worsley: Is that alright?
Dave Cawley: He ushers us inside and makes space on the couch.
Tom Jackson: I’m glad you’re here. Man, this is, just been exciting to know that her case is still open and is, I’m tickled.
Dave Cawley: Tom Jackson was about four years older than Nancy Baird. And he confirms, they knew each other as kids.
Tom Jackson: She was a pretty gal.
Dave Cawley: Tom’d lived just down the street from Nancy. In fact, he’d even married one of Nancy’s friends, a neighbor girl. They’d stayed in the neighborhood, living just off Cherry Lane, a little ways behind the Fina station where Nancy’d worked.
Tom worked a full-time job, but around the start of 1975 also accepted a part-time position as a reserve officer for the East Layton police department. His reserve role was a little different than Cary Hartmann’s, which we heard about in Cold season 3. East Layton was a lot smaller than Ogden City, so it asked much more of its reserves. As a result, Tom worked a more regular schedule, received a paycheck, and wrote a lot of tickets.
Tom told me on the day Nancy Baird disappeared, he’d been driving around in one of the town’s two police cars.
Tom Jackson: I didn’t even hear anything on the radio about it.
Dave Cawley: Which is a little strange, since officer Dave Anderson did describe radioing dispatch about Nancy in his report. In any case, Tom said he’d stopped by the Fina station that evening and found his chief, Ray Adams, and officer Dave Anderson there.
Tom Jackson: I pulled in, I was like “what’s going on?” And they said “Nancy’s gone.” I said “what the crap, what?”
Dave Cawley: Tom remembered going to Nancy’s house and helping retrieve her address book. According to a report, Tom and the chief then went and looked around a place called Fernwood Park, as the dark of night descended. Why Fernwood? Well, it was home to a sort of “lover’s lane,” a place in the hills where couples would park their cars and make out. The police found no sign of Nancy there.
Records show Tom Jackson didn’t have any involvement with the Nancy Baird case after that. He intentionally opted out.
Tom Jackson: At that time, I don’t think I was, I don’t know, I wasn’t a good cop, I would say. I wanted to, I wanted to let someone else handle it. I didn’t want to mess it up.
Dave Cawley: In spite of this, East Layton sent Tom Jackson to the Utah police academy in September of 1975. That’s only about two-and-a-half months after Nancy Baird disappeared. Why did Tom go to the academy, instead of officer Dave Anderson? I’m not sure. Tom didn’t remember.
I’ve talked to one of Tom’s academy classmates. He said Tom struggled a bit, but Tom did graduate the academy and was certified to work in law enforcement. He replaced Dave Anderson as East Layton’s full-time police officer. At some point in the middle of all this, Tom talked to the Davis County Sheriff’s Office about next-steps in the Nancy Baird investigation. East Layton had jurisdiction. It was their call.
Tom Jackson: The county asked me, says “you want to handle this?” And I says “no way! All we are is just little hick town cops here so if we’re gonna find her, you guys is the ones that’s gotta do it.”
Dave Cawley: Tom knew the county had already tracked down several of Nancy’s boyfriends, working off her address book.
Tom Jackson: They had the book and whatever name was in there, they went after ‘em.
Dave Cawley: But the boyfriend leads ran dry, right around the time Ted Bundy entered the picture.
Tom Jackson: Yeah, there was suspicion of him.
Dave Cawley: Tom’s mind didn’t settle on Bundy, though. He figured Nancy’s abductor could’ve been much closer.
Tom Jackson: This person must’ve been someone she knew and had some trust in him. That’s the other reason why I thought it was one of the cops, that one cop.
Dave Cawley: Former officer Dave Anderson. Tom remembered Dave Anderson spending a lot of time at the Fina station.
Tom Jackson: He spent too much time looking at women, too.
Dave Cawley (to Tom Jackson): Thinks he’s a lady’s man, maybe—
Tom Jackson: Yeah.
Dave Cawley: —a little bit?
Tom Jackson: He was a good-looking guy, so I’m sure he thought so.
Dave Cawley: This description of former officer Dave Anderson reminded me of Cary Hartmann and his brief time in the Ogden police reserve corps, which we talked about during Cold season 3. There are some people who are drawn to law enforcement jobs for all the wrong reasons. Dave Anderson, it seems, might’ve been one of them. This idea was overlooked though, probably because the East Layton police department was itself in crisis. Its chief, Ray Adams, shouldn’t have been chief. He’d wasn’t a cop. He’d secured his position through the good ol’ boy system. State law required he attend the academy, but he wasn’t willing to take a leave from his full-time job to do that.
So, in April of 1976, Ray Adams vacated the chief of police position. He instead became a justice of the peace for the town, a form of low-level judge, a job for which Adams was also not qualified. Officer Tom Jackson departed the East Layton police department not long after that. He decided to leave law enforcement entirely, and went into private security work. So within about a year of the disappearance of Nancy Baird, the entire East Layton police force turned over.
Tom Jackson: Real Mayberry thing. (Laughs)
Dave Cawley: There is one other point I need to acknowledge here: former officer Tom Jackson has a criminal record. In 1986, 11 years after the disappearance of Nancy Baird, Davis County prosecutors filed a criminal charge against Tom. He stood accused of sexually abusing two young girls. He pleaded guilty to a second-degree felony, which made him eligible for a sentence of up to 15 years in prison. But the judge only placed Tom on probation.
Tom’s wife divorced him in the years that followed. He left Utah, remarried, and then, in 1995, police arrested Tom Jackson again, this time on charges of lewd conduct with a child under 16 years of age. He again pleaded guilty, but the Idaho judge showed none of the leniency the Utah judge had. Tom received a life sentence. But Tom’s no longer in prison, clearly. He won an appeal that reduced his sentence to 15 years. He served that time, a fact he and I discussed at the start of our interview.
Tom confided he felt a bit nervous going on tape. He hoped I wouldn’t make a monster of him. I promised to treat him fairly. And Tom acknowledged his past complicates how we might see him.
Tom Jackson: I wouldn’t doubt if I was a suspect and all that. And that’s ok with me.
Dave Cawley: Because, Tom says, he’s taken polygraph after polygraph as part of his probation.
Tom Jackson: And one of the questions in there is “you committed any other crimes that we don’t know about?” And when I said “no, not at all.” And it come up true, so.
Dave Cawley (to Tom Jackson): I mean, it’s—
Tom Jackson: Y’know, that pretty much cleared me right there.
Dave Cawley: —it’s a lot of years, right? You would think if you were a suspect, someone would’ve come and talked to you a long time ago—
Tom Jackson: Yeah, yeah.
Dave Cawley: —right?
Tom Jackson: That’s true.
Dave Cawley: After Tom Jackson left his job at the East Layton Police Department a year following Nancy Baird’s disappearance, the town hired a new officer, a guy named Dave Davis. Town leaders quickly promoted Davis to chief. Davis told The Salt Lake Tribune he was “working wonders” with the small budget provided to him in a 1977 newspaper story comically headlined “Yes, East Layton has a police department.”
Gary McFarland: They just did not have the funding to take and keep somebody.
Dave Cawley: Chief Davis also inherited the Nancy Baird case. He did nothing with it until, in 1979, four years on from Nancy’s disappearance, Davis hired a new patrol officer named Gary McFarland.
Gary McFarland: And it came down to where it was just me covering 12 hours and the other, the chief would cover the other 12 hours. And there was a promise from the city that if I did that, they would send me to the police academy.
Dave Cawley: Chief Davis gave Gary former East Layton police officer Dave Anderson’s report about the disappearance of Nancy Baird.
Gary McFarland: There just wasn’t a lot. We were, y’know, a very small community. There was very few things going on. Property disputes, loose cows, loose, loose horses. (Laughs) That kind of thing. It just, that was, that was a pretty big case.
Dave Cawley: At this same time, Ted Bundy was standing trial for murder in Florida.
John Hollenhorst (from July 24, 1979 KSL TV archive): As the verdict approached, reporters, editors and photographers prepared for the climax of the trial. The Bundy case has generated vast amounts of publicity all over Florida and in the western states of Utah, Colorado and Washington. In all those places, Bundy is suspected of murders. All involving young women.
Dave Cawley: Gary, and many others, believed Ted Bundy might’ve killed Nancy Baird. It wasn’t much of a leap: Bundy had been in Utah the summer Nancy disappeared.
Gary McFarland: She had the appearance of some, the females that he preferred. That’s all we had, is the method of operation fit.
Dave Cawley: But that suspicion didn’t give Gary any direction as to where to look for Nancy’s remains.
Gary McFarland: It was becoming a cold case, basically.
Dave Cawley: A little kerfuffle erupted in East Layton around this same time. The mayor fired police chief Davis, who responded by telling the news media it was an attack on the entire department.
Dave Davis (from March 24, 1980 KSL TV archive): They may be looking into an outside agency to contract to and dissolve the police department as a whole.
Dave Cawley: I suspect you probably don’t much care about this small town political squabble, but I promise you, it’s relevant to the Nancy Baird case because of what happened in the end.
Gaylen Young (from March 26, 1980 KSL TV archive): Nearly 400 angry residents were in attendance at the city council meeting because mayor Delin Yates was not going to keep police chief Dave Davis on the job.
East Layton resident (from March 26, 1980 KSL TV archive): We don’t want a contract with Davis County. We don’t want a contract with Layton City. We want the police force we have with the responsible, interested service that we get from them.
Dave Cawley: This protest proved ineffective. East Layton dissolved its police department. Officer Gary McFarland, fresh out of the academy, no longer had a job. But it didn’t stop there. The residents of East Layton voted to disincorporate at the end of 1980. Their town ceased to be and neighboring Layton City swallowed it whole. The records of the East Layton police department were lost to time. All except for the report of former police officer Dave Anderson about the disappearance of Nancy Baird. Gary McFarland still had it.
Gary McFarland: It ended up with me. No direction as to what to do with it. But it was in my custody.
Dave Cawley: But with East Layton gone, who would inherit jurisdiction over Nancy Baird’s case? Did it belong to Layton City, which absorbed East Layton? Or did the Davis County Sheriff’s Office bear responsibility, given the work deputies there had done assisting East Layton early on?
Gary McFarland: Davis County provided a lot of the crime scene investigations because small communities could not provide that service.
Dave Cawley: As we saw with the Sheree Warren case in Cold season 3, victims fall through the cracks when police agencies fail to communicate. And that’s what also appears to have happened with Nancy Baird. No one took the initiative. It wasn’t Gary McFarland’s case, but he felt duty-bound to safeguard the reports.
Gary McFarland: Because it was one of those cases that you knew someday would have a lead.
Dave Cawley: Gary ended up taking another police job at a different agency. Year after year, he waited for a phone call that might break the case.
Gary McFarland: Nobody ever came forward. Nobody was ever found. Not one tip, not nothing.
Dave Cawley: Gary McFarland retired in 2012. He turned the East Layton police report on Nancy Baird over to the Davis County Sheriff’s Office.
Gary McFarland: They’d come up with some other theories, besides the only one that I ever came up with.
Dave Cawley (to Gary McFarland): Bundy?
Gary McFarland: Yeah.
Dave Cawley: Is that what you mean?
Gary McFarland: Yeah, ‘cause I’m stuck on it. It will, until I’m proven different.
Dave Cawley: Gary still believes Ted Bundy is the most likely suspect in Nancy Baird’s presumed murder. But he knows that’s not the only theory.
Gary McFarland: The theories were that it was possibly a law enforcement officer that worked in East Layton.
Dave Cawley: The story we’ve heard so far leaves me deeply skeptical about any conclusion regarding Nancy Baird’s death being the work of serial killer Ted Bundy. To my mind, there are too many other plausible scenarios. And, Tiffany Jean, the archivist, told me she’s unsure as well.
Tiffany Jean: I, I looked at the case a little bit. And I thought that it didn’t quite fit his M.O., with what I know about how he operated.
Dave Cawley: What was different? For one, the location. Ted Bundy was never known to abduct a woman from a gas station during daylight hours.
Tiffany Jean: And while Bundy was capable of doing that, he mostly operated at night. And he mostly avoided places where he could be seen or picked out.
Dave Cawley: In his early crimes in Washington state, Bundy sometimes approached women while claiming to be injured, needing help to put something in his car. Would Nancy Baird have taken that kind of bait?
Tiffany Jean: It seems unusual that she would have been willing to leave her post to do that when there was no one else at the station.
Dave Cawley: Bundy liked to lure women to his car—a light tan 1968 Volkswagen Beetle—then handcuffed them or knocked them unconscious. If he’d done something like that with Nancy Baird, it probably would’ve happened right in the parking lot outside the Fina station.
Tiffany Jean: And that seems like kind of a big risk for Bundy to have taken.
Dave Cawley: None of the witnesses from the Fina station reported seeing a Volkswagen Beetle like Bundy’s. And the descriptions provided by the Williams children didn’t match Ted Bundy, either.
Tiffany Jean: So, that’s another reason that seems unlikely that it would have been him.
Dave Cawley: Nancy Baird vanished from the Fina station within the space of just five or ten minutes.
Kenny Payne: Yeah I mean she’s just, she’s just gone.
Dave Cawley: No signs of a struggle, no indication she ran away.
Kenny Payne: I mean she’s got a, a child at home.
Dave Cawley: So retired sheriff’s detective Kenny Payne gets why even some of his former colleagues believe to this day Ted Bundy abducted and murdered Nancy Baird.
Kenny Payne: But then you have to try and figure out whether or not the first thought of “it’s gotta be Ted Bundy” well no, what can you find that tells me a story?
Dave Cawley: What Kenny’s saying is the elements necessary to build a narrative about Ted Bundy killing Nancy Baird just aren’t there.
Tiffany Jean also shared another, more compelling reason why she questions Ted Bundy’s supposed involvement. Bundy, she told me, might have an alibi for the day Nancy Baird disappeared. And Tiffany could be the first person to ever piece it together.
Ted Bundy first moved to Utah in September of 1974, having come from Washington state to attend law school at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City.
Tiffany Jean: He had a steady girlfriend who lived in Seattle who was originally from Ogden. And she was probably the reason why he came to Utah in the first place, because she had roots there. And eventually they planned on settling down there, if they ever got married. But y’know, he was not a good person. (Laughs) So in addition to everything else bad that he did, he also cheated on her quite a bit.
Dave Cawley: In June of 1975, just a few weeks before Nancy Baird disappeared, Ted Bundy met a young school teacher named Leslie Knudsen at a party in Salt Lake City. Bundy and Leslie started seeing one another.
Tiffany Jean: And they dated until August, she saw that he was arrested and didn’t want anything more to do with him.
Dave Cawley: Leslie spoke to investigators back in 1975, but she was never called as a witness in court and has kept a very low profile all the years since. Her story is not well known, even among Ted Bundy experts.
Tiffany Jean: But I was able to find her phone number, and an associate of mine called her. And this was back in 2019. And it took a little while for her to warm up and agree to, to speak at all. But she gave some, y‘ou ‘know, some kind of overall arching details about her time that she spent with him. And she mentioned that he had visited her family, and she’d introduced him to her entire family at a family reunion on the 4th of July, 1975. And that struck me immediately because Nancy Baird disappeared on 4th of July, 1975. And if Leslie Knudson was accurate in her recall, then Ted probably could not have done that, if he was with her, and being introduced to her entire family at their July 4th family reunion. But it doesn’t seem like anyone else has ever put those together that he was with her on the day that this crime occurred.
Dave Cawley: I’ve listened to a recording of this interview with Leslie Knudson. There are legal and ethical considerations that prevent me from sharing the audio with you, but I can tell you what Leslie said: she and Bundy had “gone to the family ranch” on the 4th of July. Leslie didn’t say where the ranch was, and she’s not responded to multiple messages I’ve left for her. But I did some genealogy research and can tell you Leslie’s maternal grandfather was a prominent sheep rancher in an area of Utah called the Uinta Basin.
When Leslie’s mother died, the obituary described how she’d spent “many summers in the Fruitland, Utah area on the family ranch.” Fruitland is in the Uinta Basin. This is likely where Leslie Knudson took Ted Bundy on the day Nancy Baird disappeared.
Tiffany Jean: And so it’d be pretty difficult for him to have done both things on that day because it would have been quite a drive.
Dave Cawley: More than 100 miles. Quite the drive, indeed. But once investigators in the Nancy Baird case honed in on Ted Bundy as a suspect, all efforts involving other persons of interest came to a halt.
Tiffany Jean: I was amazed at how many people went through that gas station in that tiny frame of time, within like 15 minutes. And nobody saw her leave?
Dave Cawley: My look into the Nancy Perry Baird case came about because a jailhouse informant once told the FBI Cary Hartmann had known Nancy. I haven’t seen any sign that tip was ever shared, investigated or corroborated. What I’ve learned, is there are other, more likely leads still left unexplored. But after nearly 50 years, so many people important to solving this puzzle are gone. And former East Layton officer Tom Jackson told me his health is on the decline.
Tom Jackson: One of the first people I want to see, other than my parents when I get to the other side, is Nancy. ‘Cause she has bugged me for so long. What could I have done to have been there for her? ‘Cause she’s, she was not the type, to’ve just bugged out and said, y’know, “I’m tired of the world.”
Dave Cawley: “She was not the type…” This is a common refrain we hear in so many cases of missing women, and to be honest, it’s getting under my skin. Because who is the type? Sure, people do run away, but in this podcast we’ve repeatedly heard how more sinister circumstances often surround the disappearances of women. It happened with Sheree Warren. Her disappearance, 10 years after Nancy Baird’s, bore many similarities. Both were young mothers, just out of unhappy marriages. Both were last seen at work. Neither just walked away. But in both cases, speculation about about serial killers distracted investigators, drawing attention away from more probable suspects.
Tom Jackson: And boy, whoever did it, he’s another Bundy.
Dave Cawley: Against the backdrop of turnover and jurisdictional dysfunction we’ve explored, it’s easy to understand how Ted Bundy filled a vacuum. His entrance to the scene took pressure off East Layton police. Nancy Baird’s friends and relatives were placated by the belief Bundy did it, even though no proof ever emerged to support that. But there are too many unexplored avenues of investigation for me to accept that conclusion. Like the man who stalked, “molested” and threatened Nancy a couple of nights before she disappeared. Or the two “hippie type” guys chatting with her at the Fina station moments before she vanished. Or even an East Layton police officer with a troubled past.
Until these other leads are closed, how can anyone accept taking “the convenient alternative?”

The State of Idaho versus Thomas Richard Jackson.

Thomas Richard Jackson is a former part-time reserve police officer for the now-defunct police department in East Layton, Utah (where he served from April 1975 to July 1976) that has drawn renewed media and law enforcement attention in connection to the 1975 cold case disappearance of twenty-three-year-old gas station attendant, Nancy Perry-Baird. In 1996, he pled guilty to child sex crimes in Idaho and was subsequently sentenced to an indeterminate life sentence with a fifteen-year fixed term, and although he was originally released on parole in 2011, he has since been returned to custody.

STATE of Idaho, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Thomas Richard JACKSON, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 22892, Decided: April 09, 1997

Byington, Holloway, Whipple & Jones, Jerome, for appellant. Alan G. Lance, Attorney General;  L. LaMont Anderson, Deputy Attorney General, Boise, for respondent.

This is a review of a sentence and an order denying an I.C.R. 35 motion. Thomas Richard Jackson (Jackson) pled guilty to one count of lewd and lascivious conduct with a child under sixteen, specifically, his stepdaughters. After hearing evidence, including that Jackson had been convicted in Utah of sexually molesting his biological daughters, the district court sentenced Jackson to a determinate sentence of life in prison, and denied a subsequent Rule 35 motion. Jackson appeals his sentence and the denial of his Rule 35 motion. Jackson argues that the district court abused its discretion in sentencing, and that the prosecution’s alleged failure to follow the plea agreement by not affirmatively recommending retained jurisdiction amounted to fundamental error.

I: FACTS AND PROCEDURE.

Jackson was originally charged with two counts of lewd conduct with a minor under sixteen, Idaho Code § 18-1508.   Jackson entered into a plea agreement, under which Jackson plead guilty to one charge of lewd conduct with a minor under sixteen. The State also agreed to make the following sentence recommendation:

The State recommends the above-named defendant be sentenced to an underlying penitentiary sentence with no agreements as to the recommendation for the underlying sentence;  and that the State will recommend that the Court retain jurisdiction;  however, the State does not bind itself to follow the recommendations of the 180-day review report.

The charges against Jackson stemmed from several instances of lewd conduct involving Jackson and two of his stepdaughters, who were seven and nine at the time of the sentencing hearing. The abuse had been occurring for approximately two years.   The first instances of abuse involved Jackson having the victims touch his penis and escalated to the point where Jackson would have the victims sit on his penis and move back and forth. The victims were always dressed, and there was a blanket between Jackson and the victims. In addition, there were never any instances of penetration of any type, and Jackson made no threats of violence to his victims. The only threat he made was a comment that if the girls told what he had done, he would have to leave.  here is one other related charge in Jackson’s record. In 1986, Jackson was convicted in Utah of sexual abuse of a child, specifically, his biological daughters. He received probation and was required to perform 20 hours of community service and undergo counseling.

After hearing testimony from Jackson’s biological daughters, his stepdaughters, and his first wife; reviewing the presentence investigation materials; and listening to argument from the attorneys on both sides, the district court sentenced Jackson to a fixed term of life in prison, without a retained jurisdiction period. At the time the judgment of conviction was entered and the sentence imposed; Jackson was forty-eight years of age.

II: STANDARD OF REVIEW.

Sentencing is a matter for the trial court’s discretion.   Our standard of review of a sentence, as well as the factors to be considered in evaluating the reasonableness of the sentence, are well-established.   We have said that “[w]here a sentence is within statutory limits, an appellant has the burden of showing a clear abuse of discretion on the part of the court imposing the sentence.”  State v. Cotton, 100 Idaho 573, 577, 602 P.2d 71, 75 (1979).   In determining whether the sentencing court abused its discretion, we review all the facts and circumstances of the case.  State v. Broadhead, 120 Idaho 141, 143, 814 P.2d 401, 403 (1991).   In order to show an abuse of discretion, the defendant must show that in light of the governing criteria, the sentence was excessive, considering any view of the facts.  Id. at 145, 814 P.2d at 405.   The governing criteria, or objectives of criminal punishment are:  “ ‘(1) protection of society;  (2) deterrence of the individual and the public generally;  (3) the possibility of rehabilitation;  and (4) punishment or retribution for wrongdoing.’ ”  Id. (quoting State v. Wolfe, 99 Idaho 382, 384, 582 P.2d 728, 730 (1978)).

III: THE DISTRICT COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN SENTENCING JACKSON TO A FIXED TERM OF LIFE IN PRISON.

 As noted above, this Court reviews a sentence handed down by a district court for abuse of discretion.   It is not often that we vacate and modify a sentence, but for the reasons discussed below, we feel compelled to do so in this case.

A fixed or determinate life sentence is a serious penalty and should not be imposed lightly. We note with approval the language of our Court of Appeals when it stated that: ‘a fixed life sentence may be deemed reasonable if the offense is so egregious that it demands an exceptionally severe measure of retribution and deterrence, or if the offender so utterly lacks rehabilitative potential that imprisonment until death is the only feasible means of protecting society.   Unfortunately, in making these determinations, a judge has complete information only in regard to retribution and deterrence, ․ The judge must attempt to predict the defendant’s future response to rehabilitative programs and the degree of risk he might pose to society if eventually released․’

State v. Eubank, 114 Idaho 635, 638, 759 P.2d 926, 929 (Ct.App.1988).   Although it recognized the difficulty of predicting future behavior, the Court of Appeals also wisely cautioned that:

a fixed sentence should not be regarded as a judicial hedge against uncertainty.   To the contrary, a fixed life term, with its rigid preclusion of parole or good time, should be regarded as a sentence requiring a high degree of certainty-certainty that the nature of the crime demands incarceration until the perpetrator dies in prison, or certainty that the perpetrator never, at any time in his life, could be safely released.

Id: This Court and the Court of Appeals have upheld some fixed life sentences for crimes involving lewd and lascivious conduct with a minor under sixteen. In State v. Pugsley, 128 Idaho 168, 911 P.2d 761 (Ct.App.1995), the defendant was sentenced to three concurrent life terms for lewd conduct. The defendant was convicted of three counts of lewd conduct with his minor biological daughter, conduct which at a minimum included genital-to-genital contact. He had been previously convicted of raping his half-sister, had allegedly raped another half-sister, and had threatened his daughters with death if they ever told what he had done.   The defendant had an extensive criminal record, including three felonies as an adult, all of which were violent crimes.  Id. at 179-80, 911 P.2d at 762-63.

In another recent case, the Court of Appeals upheld a fixed life sentence for a man who pled guilty to one count of lewd and lascivious conduct with a minor under sixteen, as Jackson did in this case.State v. Hibbert, 127 Idaho 277, 899 P.2d 987 (Ct.App.1995).   The defendant in Hibbert had repeatedly violently attacked his minor daughter and forced her to have intercourse with him.   He also kept her a virtual prisoner in their home, not allowing her to have friends, use the telephone, or go to school.   During the course of the proceedings, Hibbert made death threats to his daughter, a friend and the prosecutor.   Therefore, the Court of Appeals upheld the sentence.  Id. at 278-79, 899 P.2d at 988-89.   See also State v. Lewis, 123 Idaho 336, 352-53, 848 P.2d 394, 410-11 (1993) (upholding a fixed life sentence for a defendant who had previously been convicted for a sexual offense against a minor, attempted penetration, knew at the time of the crime that he was HIV-positive and denied he committed the crime);  State v. Martinez, 111 Idaho 281, 723 P.2d 825 (1986) (upholding fixed sentences of thirty years for rape, thirty years for lewd conduct, and fifteen years for aggravated battery, which amounted to a fixed life sentence;  the victim suffered extreme physical trauma requiring surgery, and it was doubtful that she would ever make a full recovery).

Although a fixed life sentence is a serious sentence, lewd and lascivious conduct with a minor under sixteen is a serious crime.   The physical injures can be severe, and the mental and emotional trauma can be permanent.   However, a fixed life sentence is not appropriate in every lewd and lascivious conduct case, and as illustrated above, is rendered and upheld in cases where the defendant’s conduct was violent, repetitive, very cruel, or life-threatening. Phrased differently, and considering the four goals of sentencing, a fixed life sentence is appropriate if necessary to protect society, to deter the individual and the public, if rehabilitation is unlikely, or if the behavior giving rise to the crime was so egregious that a determinate life sentence is necessary for proper punishment or retribution.

In this case, Jackson admits that he molested two of his stepdaughters, and he does have a previous conviction for similar behavior with his biological daughters.   However, the behavior involved in this particular case did not involve penetration of any type, nor were there any allegations of force.   Further, the record indicates that although Jackson was required to participate in some form of counseling under his prior conviction, the counseling was not part of a recognized sex-offender treatment program.   This becomes important because Jackson has indicated that he wishes to undergo treatment and will cooperate in every way necessary.   In addition, an evaluator indicated that the proper treatment could help prevent Jackson from re-offending.   It is also significant that the appellant took full responsibility for his actions, and did not blame the victims in any way.   Finally, Jackson had abstained from drugs and alcohol and had worked fairly steadily throughout his adult life.

With any crime, there is a chance that the defendant will re-offend.   Indeed, the evaluator in this case offered no guarantees that Jackson would not re-offend, even if he undergoes sexual offender treatment.   However, as our Court of Appeals noted, a fixed life sentence should not be imposed as a hedge against uncertainty.   The behavior exhibited in this case, while reprehensible, is not so egregious that Jackson should die in prison.

For the reasons discussed above, and after conducting our own careful review of the record in this case, we hold that a fixed term of life in prison is excessive in this case.   Considering the four goals of sentencing, we note that although society does need to be protected from sex offenders, and Jackson and the public must be deterred from such behavior, a fixed term of life in prison is not necessary to accomplish those goals.   Further, Jackson has indicated that he wants to undergo treatment, has shown a desire to change his behavior and exhibits a possibility for rehabilitation.   Finally, while Jackson deserves to be punished for his behavior, a fixed life term in prison is not necessary or justified in this case.

Therefore, Jackson’s sentence is hereby modified to an indeterminate life sentence with a fixed term of fifteen years in prison.   When fifteen years have passed, the earliest time that Jackson would be eligible for parole, the youngest victim in this case will be over 21 years of age.   Thus, the victims in this case will both be adults.

As to the issue of the breach of the plea agreement, although it was raised as an issue in his opening brief, Jackson subsequently withdrew this issue in his brief on his Motion to Reconsider Denial of Appellant’s Motion to Augment the Issues on Appeal.   Accordingly, we do not reach this issue.

IV: CONCLUSION.

In light of all the facts in this case, and considering the four goals of sentencing, we hold that Jackson has met his burden of showing that the district court abused its discretion in sentencing him to a fixed life sentence.   We therefore modify the sentence to an indeterminate life sentence with a fifteen year fixed period of incarceration.

I write only to indicate that I believe that the trial court is in the best position to make the determination of the appropriate sentence. Where the record reflects that the sentencing judge carefully considered the evidence and statements presented to him and the four goals of sentencing, this Court should set aside the sentence only where reasonable minds could not differ as to the excessiveness of the sentence.State v. Broadhead, 120 Idaho 141, 145, 814 P.2d 401, 405 (1991) (quoting State v. Small, 107 Idaho 504, 505, 690 P.2d 1336, 1337 (1984), overruled in part on other grounds by State v. Brown, 121 Idaho 385, 393, 825 P.2d 482, 490 (1992)).   This Court should not substitute its judgment for that of the sentencing judge where reasonable minds could differ as to whether the sentence is necessary to achieve the four goals of sentencing.  Id., 120 Idaho at 145, 814 P.2d at 405 (quoting State v. Toohill, 103 Idaho 565, 568, 650 P.2d 707, 710 (Ct.App.1982)).   The record here reflects that the trial judge carefully considered the heinous nature of the offense, the devastating impact on the victims, and the fact that Jackson had previously been convicted of this offense, as well as society’s need to be protected from this type of predator.   I find no abuse of discretion and, thus, must respectfully dissent.

SILAK, Justice.
JOHNSON, McDEVITT and SCHROEDER, JJ., concur.

‘The Year of Fear:’ Murders in Grand Junction, Colorado in 1975.

Introduction: 1975 in Grand Junction, Colorado was marked by a sudden and shocking wave of violent crimes, which included multiple murders (and disappearances) of young women (and children), which traumatized the local community. In the beginning stages of the investigations (long before modern DNA profiling was available), local suspicion frequently fell on acquaintances or family members of the victims, and all cases have been solved in subsequent years thanks to advanced scientific methods as well as dedicated cold case investigators.

The key cases include Denise Oliverson (April 1975), mother and daughter Linda and Kelley (Ketchum) Benson (July 1975), Patricia Botham, Linda Miracle and her two young sons, five-year-old Troy and three-year-old Chad (August 1975), and nineteen-year-old college student Deborah Tomlinson (December 1975).

Isaac Carmickle: on January 27, 1975, thirty-year-old Virgil Carmickle shot and killed his father, fifty-five-year-old Isaac Carmicle after an argument they had in the family home,  located at 3047 F Road in Grand Junction. He was raised in Colorado but had lived in California before he returned to Rangely in March/April 1974; as a child he spent some time at Lookout Mountain School for Boys (a state run juvenile center for wayward youth) because of ‘inappropriate conduct,’ and despite having a residence in Rangely, Virgil was saying at his parents’ house at the time. Virgil’s mother Elsie called police after the shooting, who (along with his twelve-year-old sister, Mary) had witnessed the entire incident; they both were taken to St. Mary’s Hospital, where they were treated for shock. When Virgil was taken into custody, Sheriff’s Deputy Mike Martsolf also confiscated a 30-30 rifle as well as a box of ammunition from his vehicle.

In April 1975 he was found innocent by reason of insanity under the ‘irresistible impulse’ clause in the state’s mental defect statute,’ which states if a person is criminally insane if suffering ‘such an impairment of the mind by disease or defect as to destroy the willpower and render him in capable of choosing the right and refraining from doing the wrong;‘ he was committed to the Colorado Mental Health Institute in Pueblo, Colorado for ‘an indefinite period of time.’ About the plea, Mesa County District Attorney Terrance Farina said: ‘the people are not going to resist,’ and an investigation into Carmickle’s background indicated ‘a severe mental disorder.’ Since his release Virgil has had numerous run-ins with LE, the most serious being in June 2020 when he stabbed a truck driver (while highly intoxicated) who had been unloading merchandise outside of a store in Vernal, UT; he was charged with attempted murder he stabbed a truck driver unloading merchandise at a store.

Denise Lynn Oliverson: the pretty twenty-four-year-old brunette disappeared on April 6, 1975 while riding her bicycle to her parents’ house after getting into a fight with her boyfriend (it is a popular misconception that she was still married at the time of her abduction, but she was not); she never arrived at her intended destination and her ten-speed bicycle and sandals were discovered the following day under the Fifth Street Bridge near the Colorado River.

Ted Bundy: though long suspected to be a victim of Theodore Robert Bundy, Denise’s disappearance remained an official mystery for over four decades; investigators later found a gas receipt that placed the killer in Grand Junction on the same day that she disappeared, and during his January 1989 confession, he told investigators he that he abducted the young divorcee (although he did not give her name), killed her in his car near the Utah state line, then dumped her body in the Colorado River (about five miles west of the city). As of September 2026, her remains have never been recovered, but the Grand Junction PD officially closed the cold case in August 2019 after they uncovered an overlooked audio recording originally obtained by the Vail Police Department where Bundy explicitly referenced killing Denise Oliverson and discarding her body in the river.

Linda, Miles, and Knolly Clark: on June 6, 1975 twenty-four-year-old Linda Lee Clark shot her two children then turned the weapon on herself in an apparent ‘murder/suicide’: she killed four-year-old Miles, and her eight-month-old son Knolly sustained life-threatening injuries before she shot herself in the head. The three lived with Linda’s mom (Virginia Snyder) and her two younger brothers (sixteen-year-old Fred and thirteen-year-old Leonard) in her house in Whitewater. It was the older boy that made the gruesome discovery at around 6 PM when he found his sister and nephews in one of the back rooms of the house: the baby had been lying in his crib, and Miles was in his bed. Linda was lying next to Miles’s bed. A .38 caliber pistol was lying on the floor and sheriff’s deputies found three .38 caliber bullets in the vicinity of the bedroom.

None of Linda’s neighbors reported hearing gunshots, and one reported the young mother and her sons moved in about a month before the incident, and that they lived in Denver until about a year prior. She also said both Linda and Virginia were separated from their respective spouses, and both men were suspected to be living in the Denver area. The owner of the house said the last time her tenant stopped by to pay rent she seemed very ‘discouraged and down,’ and that she ‘wished she had made a harder try at marriage. Regarding the incident, Sheriff Dick Williams said there was ‘nothing to lead me to believe Mrs. Clark did not shoot her sons and then kill herself.’

Another neighbor of Clark’s said her marriage situation was ‘something ‘she didn’t talk about much,’ and marriage was a ‘part of her life she’d like to forget.’ A third neighbor named Edna Lawler babysat for her on occasion, and she said Linda ‘treated her kids perfectly,’ and had told her once, ‘if I give anything to my children, it would be their health.’ It is worth noting that, according to the user ‘marionumber1’ on the website ‘zodiackillerhoax.freeforum.net’ website, Linda’s mother disputes the fact that her daughter shot her children then herself and believes they were all murdered; additionally, Clark happened to know future victims Linda Benson and Linda Miracle.’ Knolly Clark was adopted by his biological aunt Kathy and lived in Brighton, CO until his mom and sister Rose died, when he moved back to Grand Junction. He died on September 6, 2022 at the age of forty-seven at the HopeWest Hospice Care Center.

Francis ‘Jerry’ Gerald Romisch: although the nineteen-year-old US Army soldier at Fort Carson wasn’t technically killed in Grand Junction, Jerry Romisch was born and raised in the area and was there the day prior to his death (he left GJ around 7 PM on June 16, 1975). As an adolescent he attended St. Joseph’s Immaculate Heart and Palisade High School, where he was a varsity wrestler; he was also a member of St. Ann’s Catholic Church. Romisch was shot ‘multiple times’ while in his vehicle (his autopsy report stated only that he suffered ‘multiple gunshot wounds’ and didn’t specify how many), which was a white two-door international brand pickup truck with license number NJ-379; the vehicle’s windshield had been ‘sprayed with bullets,’ and there were seventeen holes in total found scattered across it. It is believed he was shot while at a rest stop along Highway 115, south of Colorado Springs and it appears he tried to drive away afterwards only but made it a few hundred feet down the road (where his truck came to a stop against a barbed wire fence). His body was found lying on the ground outside the driver’s side door when he was discovered by a passing motorist. He had been wearing blue jeans, a brown belt, a brown shirt and green socks; the cowboy boots he had been wearing were not on his feet but were found close by. It’s also worth noting that Jerry’s brother Richard was also stationed at Fort Carson and was it rumored he had been working on a narcotics squad there. As of September 2026, the murder of Jerry Romisch remains an active and open cold case.

Linda Benson and her daughter Kelley Ketchum: on the evening of July 25, 1975, twenty-four-year-old Linda Benson and her five-year-old daughter Kelley Ketchum were found stabbed multiple times inside their residence at the Chateau Apartments in Grand Junction; they were found by Linda’s ‘common-law husband,’ Steve Benson, who had returned home from a multi-day work trip in Hayden (where he was working as a pipe fitter), and discovered their bodies inside their apartment. Linda had been nude on the floor of the master bedroom (one report said she was found at the foot of the bed), and though investigators noted the scene pointed to a sexually motivated crime, there were no clinical signs of rape; she had been stabbed multiple times. Kelley also suffered multiple stab wounds and was found in the hallway floor between two bedrooms (one source said she was specifically on the floor of a connecting bathroom).

Due to an extreme lack of evidence at the scene of the crime, the case quickly went cold, and for over three decades Linda and Kelley’s family were left desperately seeking answers. In 2007, the Grand Junction PD’s cold case unit re-examined the preserved physical evidence using modern forensic technology, and experts successfully isolated foreign DNA from underneath Linda’s fingernails as well as from blood spatter found in eight different spots across the apartment. Deputy District Attorney Jim Alvillar saw the apartment after the murders took place and described it as ‘a horrific scene.’ … ‘It was tragic. There was a young woman who had obviously fought, and then there was a dead little girl.’ According to reports, Steve Benson fled Colorado due to the judgment and rumors of possibly being involved with his wife and daughter’s death.

Jerry Louis Nemnich: there was a break in the case in April2009, when detectives entered DNA that had been collected from the crime scene into CODIS (Combined DNA Index System), which returned a perfect match for Jerry Nemnich, a convicted serial rapist with a long and violent criminal history dating back to the age of sixteen in 1960. He was convicted of first-degree sexual assault in 1977 and served a long prison sentence from 1978 until 1992. After his release he got a job as a long-haul trucker and he was arrested for the murders on April 9, 2009 at the Utah-Colorado border. At the time of his 2009 arrest, authorities were also looking into him regarding potential links to three or four additional unsolved murders in the Grand Junction area.

On October 27, 2010, a jury of his peers found Nemnich guilty of first-degree murder, and he was sentenced to two consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole. His subsequent appeals to the Colorado Court of Appeals and the Colorado Supreme Court were denied, ensuring he would spend the remainder of his life in prison. During his October 2010 trial, he took the stand in a surprise move and offered a highly improbable defense, claiming he had entered Linda’s apartment complex to buy marijuana when he was suddenly attacked by a mysterious, knife-wielding stranger, and he managed to wrestle the weapon away, and it was only then that he discover the bodies. The prosecution successfully dismantled his story as pure fiction, using advanced forensic techniques to prove that Nemnich’s blood was spattered directly onto Linda’s chest, and that his DNA under her fingernails, which proved she had fought him directly for her life.

Many Rumors Surround Linda’s Death: I took the following passage from a post about former Grand Junction Police Ben Meyers from the website ‘zodiackillerhoax1986.freeforums.net (made by user ‘marionuimber1’): ‘Linda Benson and her 5-year-old daughter Kelly Ketchum are brutally murdered in a grisly scene at her apartment. It was found that ‘a cross was carved into her sternum, between her breasts’ (l.376 of The Killing Season by Alex French), which happens to be one of the alleged markers of Hand of Death cult murders. Rumors swirled that Linda’s ex-husband Steve Benson was in the drug and gun trafficking scene (l.710 of French), and at one point Benson’s mother Barbara Himmerite offered up a suspicion to police that Steven and Ted Bundy ‘ran dope together.‘ It is clear that Benson herself was a member of that scene; a member of a local church said to police (l.710 of French): ‘I’ll tell you what, though. Linda was into the drug scene. I believe she had knowledge of the numerous heavy pushers around the Valley and that put her into considerable danger. Once she said to me, ‘If you only knew who the dealers are . . . big shots.’ So Linda Benson was in a position to have known too much, and to top it off, she was friends with future victim Linda Miracle. A bizarre side note (l.913 of French): Steve Goad, who lived in the same apartment complex as Linda, was adamant that he saw Ted Bundy (!) there on the night of her murder. But ultimately, the case was closed through an apparent DNA hit, matching to Colorado serial rapist Jerry Nemnich. That does not, needless to say, rule out others from involvement.’

Linda Miracle, her two young sons, Troy (age five) and Chad (age three), and Patricia Botham: it’s worth noting that on June 15, 1975, it was reported that somebody tried to strangle Linda Miracle, but she survived the ordeal. On the evening of August 22, 1975, twenty-four-year-old Linda Miracle and her two young sons vanished from their home under highly unusual circumstances, and she even left a meal behind, still sitting on the kitchen table; oddly enough, their neighbor across the street, twenty-five-year-old Patricia Botham, also vanished. Weeks later, on September 26, 1975 the bodies of Linda, Patricia, Troy and Chad were recovered from the Gunnison River. The coroner determined both women had been suffocated, where Troy and Chad had been shot in the head with a .22-caliber weapon; post-mortem, he weighed their bodies down with railroad iron then threw them into the river.

Unlike most of the other murders that took place in Grand Junction in 1975, the Miracle/Botham slayings were solved relatively quickly: Patricia Botham’s twenty-eight-year-old husband, Kenneth Botham Jr. (a former electronics executive) was arrested on November 8, 1975 on four counts of first-degree murder for the deaths of his wife, Linda Miracle, and her two sons (authorities believed he killed the two boys because they would have been able to identify him). In December 1976 he was found guilty of first-degree murder for his wife’s death and three counts of second-degree murder for the deaths of Linda Miracle and her children.

The prosecution’s case relied heavily on circumstantial details, including the fact that the state argued Botham wanted to avoid paying alimony due to marriage difficulties, something that established a supposed motive; additionally, investigators found a .22-caliber pistol in a crawl space under his residence months after the murders, however, forensic testing by the Colorado Bureau of Investigation could never definitively tie that specific gun to the bullets that killed the Miracle children. Botham’s defense also strongly maintained that logistically, the timeline of events prevented him from being in Grand Junction when the murders took place because he had been somewhere else at the time.

Despite the lack of direct forensic evidence or eyewitness proof, a Mesa County jury convicted Botham of first-degree murder for his wife and three counts of second-degree murder for Linda Miracle and her sons, and he was sentenced to die in the gas chamber. In 1981, the Supreme Court of Colorado completely overturned Botham’s conviction when the high court ruled that pervasive, prejudicial pretrial publicity (such as local newspapers publishing unverified headlines about the .22 pistol before the trial) had fundamentally denied him a fair trial.

In 1982 he was retried, and because Colorado changed its statutes surrounding capital punishment during that window, Botham was instead sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole, where he has remained ever since. He has maintained his innocence for over fifty years, and in recent decades, independent true crime researchers and his family have championed his case, most notably via true-crime websites and podcasts like ‘the investigative podcast, ‘Junction’ and kenbotham.com.

Interestingly enough, on a forum about Ben Meyers on the website ‘zodiackillerhoax1986.freeforums.net,’ the user ‘marionumbner1’ on said the following about the Miracle/Botham murders: ‘an aborted podcast on the case (soundcloud.com/junctionpodcast/welcome-to-junction) interviewed a couple who was friends with Botham and Miracle, and they said they were ‘told by Patricia that her and Linda were going to come forward with some news that was going to shock the whole town.’ What could they have been in a position to reveal? Both women were romantically involved with local law enforcement officers: Miracle was dating a Mesa County sheriff’s deputy named Truman Haley, and Botham was having an affair with Grand Junction PD officer Tom Montgomery. Also bizarrely, Haley stole several of Miracle’s diaries, one of which (per SUSPECTS: The Botham / Miracle Murders by Marti Talbott) was said to have recorded sexual liaisons that Miracle had with a large number of Grand Junction cops. Sounds like the town would have been left very shocked indeed if this information came out. The murders were ultimately pinned on Pat’s husband Ken Botham, although his sons believe he is innocent and run the aforementioned website on his case: kenbotham.com/overview.htm’ Later on in the same post about Ben Meyers, the same user points out that Linda Miracle knew Linda Miracle, and the two women had been friends since high school (drugs did play a role in their friendship).

Donald, Harlin, and Eva Sparks: on November 21, 1975 twenty-one-year-old Donald Lee Sparks shot and killed his parents Harlin and Eva (both forty-nine) while they were asleep in their beds in their home (located at 2107 Zion Road). Donald called Grand Junction PD around 12:320 AM to inform them he shot and killed both of his parents in the family residence, and upon hanging up turned the gun on himself. Upon entering the residences deputies found him dead on the living room floor from a self-inflicted gunshot wound, and his father and mother died of a gunshot wound to the head. According to Sheriff Don Williams, ‘ a .357 magnum revolver was lying underneath Don’s back near his hand; three bullets had been fired from the weapon, and there were three left.‘  and ‘at this time we feel Don apparently shot his parents called police and then shot himself. The parents were sleeping when they were shot. ‘No motive for the murders was known and there were no suicide notes left behind by any parties.

Deborah ‘Debi’ Tomlinson: nineteen-year-old Deborah Kathleen Tomlinson was a student at Mesa College that was found bound and strangled in her off-campus apartment on the 1000 block of Belford Avenue on December 27, 1975 by the apartment manager after her family reported multiple unanswered phone calls. Upon entry, she discovered Tomlinson’s bedroom window was open and her toilet was running. She had been partially clothed and was found in the bathtub. Investigators found that Deborah had been bound, sexually assaulted, and strangled; she also had a gash on her forehead, which was proof she most likely tried to fight off her attacker. Police found no evidence that a weapon was used in the murder.

Local detectives interviewed neighbors and potential suspects in 1975 and 1976 but ran out of leads by April 1976, and the case quickly went cold. For decades, Deb’s murder tore the Tomlinson family apart, because initial suspicion wrongfully swirled around her Uncle Tim, who was eventually excluded as a suspect via DNA evidence when the case was briefly revived in 2008.

Jimmie Dean Duncan: in 2019, the Grand Junction PD (along with Parabon NanoLabs), took a fresh look at the evidence in relation to the murder of Tomlinson, and the following year DNA allowed them to identify career criminal Jimmie Dean Duncan as the killer of the pretty young college student (I have also seen his first name spelled ‘Jimmy’). Duncan was twenty-six at the time of the murder, and by the time this discovery was made he was already dead, as he died of unknown causes on December 24, 1987, in Denver at the age of thirty-eight. Opinions on Reddit’s Unresolved Mysteries thread are mixed regarding the possible motives: some people feel it was related to a burglary, where others feel it was simply a crime of opportunity (given Duncan’s transient background). Jimmie Dean Duncan was born on April 24, 1949, in Monte Vista, Colorado, and before Tomlinson’s murder in 1975, he had been involved in an armed robbery and a separate shooting incident in Florida.

Donald Robert Laabs:  twenty-eight-year-old Detective Sergeant Donald Robert Laabs with the Manitou Springs Police Department was shot and killed on December 18, 1975, the same day he was promoted to detective sergeant. It’s highly suspected that Laabs (a US Army and undercover narcotics officer) was on his way home from work, as eyewitnesses saw him exit the highway in the direction of his residence. Approximately two hours after he was last seen alive, he was found deceased inside his police cruiser parked along Interstate 25 near the Arvada Street exit in Colorado Springs; he had been shot eight times with a .22 caliber handgun.

Despite intensive investigations and interviews with dozens of personal and professional associates in the months that followed the murder, authorities never established a motive or identified any viable suspects. At the time of Laabs death, he was survived by his wife and two young sons, and the investigation into his death remains an active, open case monitored by the Colorado Springs Police Department Cold Case Files

Ben Meyers in Relation to ‘The Year of Fear:’ Ben Meyers served as the Chief of Police in Grand Junction for the entirety of 1975 (he led the department from 1973 to 1976, when he was succeeded by Ed VanderTook); he had previously served as the police chief in Salem, Oregon, for eight years before he relocated to Colorado. However, his tenure at the Grand Junction Police Department was short-lived and highly controversial amidst rumors of corruption and a personal scandal following the murder of Deborah Tomlinson when he faced intense scrutiny over how his department handled the homicides in 1975, which created intense public and political pressure for a change in leadership. His administration was continually plagued by rumors of institutional misconduct, and there were additional (unproven) allegations that linked some of his officers to illicit narcotics and vice rings. The final catalyst occurred after Meyers reportedly threatened one of his subordinate officers that caught him buying drinks for his nineteen-year-old girlfriend at a local bar, which sparked an intense internal dispute, and he was forced to step down.

In addition to shady practices regarding women less than half his age, Meyers was rumored to be involved in drug trafficking operations (despite being part of a Grand Junction ‘anti-drug’ task force), where he was rubbing shoulders with dope dealers; it was discovered that he had two separate bank accounts where many large deposits were made throughout his time as police chief, but a District Attorney and a Judge blocked any release of these records.

According to George from the website CAVDEF.org, Meyers ‘possible involvement makes sense considering Campbell was the sister of a Florida police officer, so there is the chance of her death involving threats related to drugs traffickers. Perhaps Temos* was his hit man. Meyers resigned as undersheriff after Bundy’s jail break. But the department claims his resignation was not related to that, and he left over disagreements with the Sheriff on some unknown ‘law enforcement philosophy.’ Meyers was found to have several ‘extra’ bank accounts with untraceable money. Cleared bank accounts and left Grand Junction in December 1976. Went to Telluride as Chief of Police. Alleged connections to the drug/traffic/prostitution community.’ * George is referring to Hugh Joseph Michael Temos, who was an alternative suspect in the murder of Caryn Campbell before Bundy was caught.

In addition to shady practices regarding women less than half his age, Meyers was rumored to be involved in drug trafficking operations (despite being part of a Grand Junction ‘anti-drug’ task force), where he was rubbing shoulders with drug dealers; it was discovered that he had two separate bank accounts where many large deposits were made throughout his time as police chief, but a District Attorney and a Judge blocked any release of these records. Unofficial accounts and cold case files from the era suggest a broader crime spree in the area, which may have targeted individuals who knew too much about drug activities tied to corrupt law enforcement. It’s also a belief by some people that Meyers framed Pat Botham for the murder of Linda Miracle, who was rumored to have been in sexual relationships with several members of the Grand Junction police department.

Upon leaving Grand Junction, Meyers moved to Aspen and took a job as the Undersheriff of Pitkin County, and in a strange twist during a 1977 Aspen preliminary court hearing for serial killer Ted Bundy, a star eyewitness named Lizabeth Harter was asked to identify Bundy in the courtroom, and instead of pointing to the killer, she mistakenly singled out Meyers thinking he was the man she had seen near the victim. But as usual with Bundy case testimony, Harter changed her version of events from ’nothing unusual,’ to ‘two men,’ to only Bundy in the span of 3 years, however she did admit she didn’t get a good look at the man due to poor lighting before Cambell’s disappearance; this mix-up fueled conspiracy theories and rumors regarding Meyers’ background and any overlap with the 1975 Colorado crimes.

A Google Maps layout of all the primary locations related to the ‘Year of Fear:’
The first is the 5th Street Bridge, where Denise Oliverson was abducted from.
The second location is where Linda Benson and her daughter Kelley were killed.
The third is where Patricia Botham and her neighbors Linda, Chad, and Troy Miracle were abducted from.
The fourth location is the apartment complex where Deborah Kathleen Tomlinson was killed.
An article about the uptick of crime in the 1970’s in Grand Junction that was published in The Daily Sentinel on January 1, 1980.
An article about Bundy’s activity in Grand Junction in 1975 that was published in The Daily Sentinel on January 24, 1989.
Part one of an article about the year of fear that was published in The Daily Sentinel on April 10, 2009.
Part two of an article about the year of fear that was published in The Daily Sentinel on April 10, 2009.
Part one of an article about 1975 being dubbed ‘the year of fear’ that was published in The Daily Sentinel on April 26, 2009.
Part two of an article about 1975 being dubbed ‘the year of fear’ that was published in The Daily Sentinel on April 26, 2009.
Isaac Carmickle’s WWII draft card.
An article about the murder of Isaac Carmickle that was published in The Daily Sentinel on January 25, 1975.
An article about the murder of Isaac Carmickle that was published in The Daily Sentinel on January 28, 1975.
An article about the murder of Isaac Carmickle that was published in The Daily Sentinel on Febrauary 20, 1975.
An article about Virgil Carmickle being found insane in relation to his father’s murder that was published in The Daily Sentinel on April 2, 1975.
An article about Virgil Carmickle escaping from the Colorado State Hospital that was published in The Daily Sentinel on August 23, 1976.
An article about Virgil Carmickle escaping the Colorado State Hospital that was published in The Pueblo Chieftain on November 1, 1978
An article about Virgil Carmickle getting recaptured after his escape from the Colorado State Hospital that was published in The Pueblo Chieftain on November 30, 1979.
A picture of Virgil Carmickle taken from his Facebook page, from 2019.
Denise Lynn Oliverson.
An article about divers looking for the remains of missing women around Colorado that mentions Denise Oliverson and Linda Benson published by The Daily Sentinel on October 13, 1975.
An article about Bundy being executed that mentions him murdering Denise Oliverson at the very bottom that was published by The Tribune on January 27, 1989.
Denise Oliverson’s page on the apps.colorado.gov/ website.
Bundy’s whereabouts on April 5, 1975 when Oliverson disappeared according to the ‘TB Multiagency Investigative Team Report 1992.’
A possible route Bundy make have taken to the South 5th Street bridge in Grand Junction, Colorado.
A comment made by user ‘jaybland34141 on a post about Ben Meyers on the website ‘zodiackillerhoax1986.freeforums.net’
Knolly Clark as a baby.
Linda (top right), Miles, and Knolly Clark.
The final resting place of Linda and Miles Clark.
A picture taken at the scene of the murder/suicide of the Clark family that was published in The Daily Sentinel on June 7, 1975.
An article about the murder/suicide of Linda and Miles Clark that was published in The Daily Sentinel on June 7, 1975.
An article about the murder/suicide of Linda and Miles Clark that was published in The Greeley Daily Tribune on June 7, 1975,
The obituary for Miles Clark that was published in The Daily Sentinel on June 8, 1975.
An article abut the recovery of shooting survivor, Knolly Lee Clark that was published in The Daily Sentinel on June 9, 1975.
An article abut the recovery of shooting survivor, Knolly Lee Clark that was published in The Daily Sentinel on July 12, 1975.
An opinion piece from someone disgusted by the fact that someone stole from the money that was supposed to go to Knolly Clark that was published in The Daily Sentinel on July 21, 1975.
Knolly Lee Clark-Hetzels’s obituary that was published in The Daily Sentinel on September 11, 2022.
Francis ‘Jerry’ Gerald Romisch.
An article about the death of Jerry Romisch that was published in The Daily Sentinel on June 18, 1975.
Linda Benson and her dad in 1955.
A picture of Linda Benson taken from The Daily Sentinel on July 26, 1975.
A picture of Kelly Benson-Ketchum taken from The Daily Sentinel on July 27, 1975.
Steve Benson from his time at Grand Junction High School taken from an issue of The Daily Sentinel that was published on April 18, 2009.
The Chateau Apartments in Grand Junction, where Linda and Kelley Benson were killed.
An article about the murder of Linda and Kelley Benson that was published in The Daily Sentinel on July 26, 1975.
Part one of an article about the murder of Linda and Kelley Benson that was published in The Daily Sentinel on July 27, 1975.
Part two of an article about the murder of Linda and Kelley Benson that was published in The Daily Sentinel on July 27, 1975.
An article about the funerals of Linda and Kelley Benson that was published in The Daily Sentinel on July 28, 1975.
Funeral notices for Linda and Kelley Benson that was published in The Daily Sentinel on July 28, 1975.
An article about Steve Benson ‘pretty much’ being cleared in relation to his wife and daughters murders that was published in The Daily Sentinel on July 29, 1975.
An article about there being no developments in the investigation into the murder of Linda and Kelley Benson that was published in The Daily Sentinel on August 1, 1975.
An article about the Grand Junction PD looking into any connections between the murder of Linda Benson and the murder of Debra K. Nadeau in nearby Lakewood that was published in The Daily Sentinel on August 20, 1975.
An article about a murder task force that was set up to solve the 1975 murders in Grand Junction that was published in The Daily Sentinel on March 3, 1976.
An article about updates in relation to the unsolved 1975 murders in Grand Junction that was published in The Daily Sentinel on January 20, 1977.
Part one of an article about updates in relation to the murders of Linda and Kelley that was published in The Daily Sentinel on April 14, 2009.
Part two of an article about updates in relation to the murders of Linda and Kelley that was published in The Daily Sentinel on April 14, 2009.
Part one of an article about the arrest of Jerry Nemnich and the vindication of Steve Benson that was published in The Daily Sentinel on April 18, 2009.
Part two of an article about the arrest of Jerry Nemnich and the vindication of Steve Benson that was published in The Daily Sentinel on April 18, 2009.
The first part of an article about the conviction of Jerry Nemnich that was published in The Daily Sentinel on October 15, 2010.
The second part of an article about the conviction of Jerry Nemnich that was published in The Daily Sentinel on October 15, 2010.
The first part of an article about the conviction of Jerry Nemnich that was published in The Daily Sentinel on October 16, 2010.
The second part of an article about the conviction of Jerry Nemnich that was published in The Daily Sentinel on October 16, 2010.
The first part of an article about the conviction of Jerry Nemnich that was published in The Daily Sentinel on October 28, 2010.
The second part of an article about the conviction of Jerry Nemnich that was published in The Daily Sentinel on October 28, 2010.
The first part of an article about the conviction of Jerry Nemnich that was published in The Daily Sentinel on November 9, 2010.
The second part of an article about the conviction of Jerry Nemnich that was published in The Daily Sentinel on November 9, 2010.
A screen grab from the Colorado Department of Public Safety Cold Case Task Force Annual Report, October 1, 2011.
spl.cde.state.co.us.
An article about four prison convicts receiving honors in the American Penal Press contest for their work with ‘The Interpreters,’ (a prison magazine published entirely by prisoners) that mentions Jerry Nemnich that was published in The Pueblo Chieftain on February 9, 1970.
A picture of Jerry Nemnich taken during one of his early stints in prison that was published in The Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph on February 22, 1970.
An article about four prison convicts receiving honors in the American Penal Press contest for their work with ‘The Interpreters,’ (a prison magazine published entirely by prisoners) that mentions Jerry Nemnich that was published in The Pueblo Chieftain on February 26, 1971.
An article about an easter egg hunt being held inside the walls of the Colorado State Penitentiary that mentions Jerry Nemnich taken during one of his early stints in prison that was published in The Pueblo Chieftain on April 9, 1971.
An article about making a prison stay constructive that mentions Jerry Nemnich taken during one of his early stints in prison that was published in The Pueblo Chieftain on December 20, 1982.
Jerry Nemnich.
Linda Miracle and her sons, Troy and Chad.
Patricia Jane Jantz-Botham, who was born on January 21, 1950 in Enid, Oklahoma.
Patricia Jantz-Botham’s birth announcement that was published in The Enid Morning News on January 24, 1950.
Patricia Jantz and Kenneth Botham in a list of people that applied for a marriage license that was published in The Daily Sentinel on June 12, 1969.
Patricia Botham’s funeral notice that was published in The Daily Sentinel on October 10, 1975.
Patricia Jane Jantz-Botham’s obituary that was published in The Daily Sentinel on October 7, 1975.
An article about the murders of Linda, Chad, and Troy Miracle that was published in The Anderson Herald on October 26, 1975.
An article about jury selection beginning for the trial of Kenneth Botham Junior that was published in The Daily Sentinel on November 15, 1976.
An article about Kenneth H. Botham’s guilty verdict that was published in The Rocky Mountain News on December 13, 1976.
An article about Kenneth Botham being hospitailized after a suicide attempt that was published in The Fort Collins Coloradoan on December 13, 1976.
An article about Kenneth Botham sitting on death row that features input from his mother that was published in The Daily Sentinel on October 24, 1978.
An article about Kenneth Borham’s second trial that was published in The Daily Sentinel on January 17, 1982.
A Reddit post made about the granddaughter of Steve Benson made by the Redditor ‘CannaLillie.’
A picture of Kenneth Botham walking into court.
A picture of Kenneth H. Botham taken from The Rocky Mountain News that was published on December 13, 1976.
A comment made by user ‘thadbotham’ on a post about Ben Meyers on the website ‘zodiackillerhoax1986.freeforums.net.’
An article about there being no foul play suspected in relation to the drowning death of Tracy Martee Freitas that was published in The Daily Sentinel on October 11, 1975.
An article about the drowning death of Tracy Martee Freitas that was published in The Daily Sentinel on October 17, 1975.
A picture of Harlin, Eva, and Donald Sparks taken from The Daily Sentinel on November 21, 1975.
Where the Sparks family lived at the time of the murder/suicide at 2107 Zion Rd in Grand Junction, CO.
Harlin and Eva Sparks in a list of people that applied for a ‘dissolution of marriage that was published in The Daily Sentinel on January 1, 1974.
An article about a funeral for the Sparks family that was published in The Daily Sentinel on November 23, 1975.
A ‘letter to the editor’ from a childhood friend of Donald Sparks saying goodbye to him that was published in The Daily Sentinel on November 28, 1975.
Deborah Kathleen Tomlinson.
Deborah Kathleen Tomlinson.
An article about the murder of Deborah K. Tomlinson that also mentions a few additional victims from ‘the year of fear’ that was published in The Daily Sentinel on December 28, 1975.
An article about Deborah K. Tomlinson’s murder being solved that was published in The Daily Sentinel on December 3, 2020.
Part one of an article about Deborah K. Tomlinson’s murder being solved that was published in The Daily Sentinel on December 4, 2020.
Part two of an article about Deborah K. Tomlinson’s murder being solved that was published in The Daily Sentinel on December 4, 2020.
Jimmie Dean Duncan.
An article about Jimmie Dean Duncan being arrested that was published in The Pueblo Chieftain on April 7, 1972.
An article about Jimmie Dean Duncan being arrested on derug charges that was published in The Pueblo Chieftain on September 30, 1972.
An article about Jimmie Dean Duncan getting busted for drugs that was posted in The Pueblo Chieftain on August 31, 1975.
An article about Jimmie Dean Duncan getting busted for drugs that was posted in The Pueblo Chieftain on February 7, 1976.
An article that mentions Jimmie Dean Duncan getting shot during an altercation with police that was published in The Miami Herald on January 27, 1976.
Some comments made on Jimmie Dean Duncan’s ‘FindAGrave’ page.
A comment made about Jimmie Dean Duncan by user ‘marionumber1’ on a post about Ben Meyers on the website ‘zodiackillerhoax1986.freeforums.net.’
Detective Sergeant Donald Robert Laabs.
Some information about Detective Sergeant Donald Robert Laabs taken from the website ‘odmp.org/officer/7790-detective-sergeant-donald-robert-laabs.’
An article about the murder of Donald Laabs that was published in The Pueblo Chieftain on December 30, 1975.
Ben Meyers.
A question about why police chief Ben Meyeres brought in an outside hire that was also a friend to fill a position as an animal control officer that was published in The Capital Journal on September 20, 1967.
An article about some embarrassment experienced by (then) Salem police chief Ben Meyers that was published in The Capital Journal on August 25, 1972.
An article that mentions the fact that Ben Meyers was in a minor car accident at the ‘lousiest intersection in the county’ that was published in The Daily Sentinel on July 24, 1974.
An article about a memorial scholarship being established for Deborah K. Tomlinson that mentions Ben Meyers that was published in The Daily Sentinel on December 31, 1975.
Part one of an article that mentions that various murders from 1975 in Grand Junction as well as Ben Meyers that was published in The Daily Sentinel on January 1, 1976.
Part two of an article that mentions that various murders from 1975 in Grand Junction as well as Ben Meyers that was published in The Daily Sentinel on January 1, 1976.
An article about the Bundy case that mentions Ben Meyers that was published inThe Daily Sentinel on April 5, 1977.
An article about Ben Meyers leaving his Pitkin County LE position that was published in The Daily Sentinel on July 1, 1977.
Notes about Ben Meyers taken from kenbotham.com
A second part of a comment made on a post about Ben Meyers by user ‘marionumber1’ on the website ‘zodiackillerhoax1986.freeforums.net.’
A second part of a comment made on a post about Ben Meyers by user ‘marionumber1’ on the website ‘zodiackillerhoax1986.freeforums.net.’

Jane Ellen Hallberg-Wakefield.

Background: Jane Ellen Hallberg was born November 19, 1948 to Richard and Pauline Hallberg in Ludington, MI. Richard Eric Hallberg was born on June 13, 1924 in Ludington, Michigan and Pauline J. Rebman was born on April 5, 1925 in Elroy, WI. Richard only finished two years of high school and was drafted into the US Army on June 30, 1942 in Kalamazoo, Michigan; while serving in April 1944 he suffered from malaria. The couple were married on December 17, 1945 in Wisconsin and went on to have three daughters together: Jane, Susan Jean (b. 1947), and Karen (b. 1949); they went onto divorce on August 6, 1968 after twenty years of marriage in Minneapolis. After Richard’s split with Pauline, he went on to marry Alice Cardeen Jacobson on May 6, 1968 in Cass, MI, who was born on February 1, 1928. He was married for a third time to Vicki Irene Hallberg, who was born on May 9, 1928.

Academics: during her time at Bloomington High School, Jane excelled at academics and was involved with a great number of after school activities and sports as well, including National Honor Society, Spanish Club, and Swim Club. It’s worth noting that the Iowa DPS had her classified as simply ‘disabled’ with no elaboration, and no clarification was ever provided. While she was in seventh grade Wakefield met a friend named Carol, and during their senior year of high school they both realized they had plans of attending Morningside College in Sioux City, and immediately decided to room together when they started their freshman year in 1966.

Marriage: in 1966, Jane got a job at Sioux City’s Public Museum, and in the spring of 1967 she met John Wakefield through a co-worker, who was a graduate student in business administration at the University of Iowa. After she completed her freshman year in the spring 1967, she moved in with John for the summer, and the two were married on September 9, 1967 in the Trinity Lutheran Church in Minneapolis*. I’m assuming Jane had some sort of falling out with her father as he wasn’t mentioned in her wedding announcement at all and she was given way by a man named ‘George Ebans.’ For her wedding ceremony, Jane wore a ‘street-length gown’ that was fashioned of ‘off-white lace,’ and her head piece was a short illusion veil.’ At the time of their wedding John Wakefield was a PhD candidate at the University of Iowa, and the bride attended Morningside College before she transferred to the same school as John. * I would like to point out that I was contacted numerous times by family members of John, and they felt it was important to point out the wedding announcement was wrong and the couple were married in Sioux Falls, and not Minneapolis.

John Albert Wakefield was born on March 19, 1944 to George Rederich and Beth Louise (nee Carson) Wakefield in Sioux City, Iowa. Shortly after their wedding Jane transferred to The University of Iowa, where she graduated with a BS in psychology in 1970; she went on to teach in two area school districts (Prairie and WACO) before she accepted a position at Penn Elementary School in North Liberty, Iowa in August 1975.

Car Accident: around 2:30 PM on July 19, 1967, Jane was involved in a fatal accident after she pulled out of a service station at an intersection on Rocky Shore Drive during a heavy rainstorm: fifty-one-year-old Allen R. Neal died as a result of the injuries he sustained from the accident. Neal was employed at the Collins Radio Company in Cedar Rapids and had a wife (Viola) and two children (Brad and Joleen).  In October 1968 his widow sued the Wakefield’s along with Hoak Oldsmobile-Cadillac Company for $50,000, claiming her husband died from injuries he suffered from the car accident Jane caused (I couldn’t find the resolution of the case).

Divorce: Jane filed for divorce from John in March 1975 and moved out of the couple’s apartment (that was located at 923 Iowa Ave in Iowa City) and into the Bon Aire Mobile Home Park in Iowa City. Right before she vanished she had become romantically involved with another man, even though her divorce was being held up over disagreements on how she and John would divide the two businesses he owned.

September 6, 1975: twenty-six-year-old Jane Wakefield wore her blonde hair short at the time she disappeared and was 5’2” tall, weighed 112 pounds, was missing her #14 tooth and wore gold wire-rimmed eyeglasses. She had just started the school year and was employed as a math and reading teacher at Penn School in North Liberty, and had been last seen on a ‘cross-country bicycle ride’ with six of her girlfriends at roughly 2:30 PM on September 6, 1975 (one report said she ‘disappeared without a trace from her Iowa City mobile home sometime between late Saturday night on September 6, 1975 and early Sunday morning, September 7, 1975). Before they parted ways, Wakefield had told her friends that she had to get home for ‘an appointment,’ and a neighbor that had briefly spoken with her later in the afternoon told investigators that said nothing seemed out of the ordinary with her. Jane loved her friends and family and was heavily relying on their support during her divorce.

The ‘Jesus People:’ early reports speculated that Wakefield may have left the area with a religious group called the ‘Jesus People’ that had been camping near Coralville Lake at the time she disappeared despite her family never believing she would have joined a cult, and they told ‘The Gazette’ that Jane was ‘too much on top of things’ to join a cult, In an attempt to investigate the rumors, one of Jane’s friends, John Morrison, traveled to Huntsville, Arkansas where the cult had relocated to about ten days after she was last seen and searched the area with a sheriff’s deputy, but they didn’t find her. According to Morrison, ‘she was not the kind of person to get involved in that. She was just a little too much on top of things.’

The Investigation: Jane’s neighbors told police that in the late-night/early morning hours of Saturday, September 6th they heard someone ‘yelling or screaming’ that came from the direction of Jane’s home, but they weren’t certain where it were coming from but assumed it came from a different neighbors party, and did not reach out to LE. When a friend of Jane’s stopped by the following day, no one answered so they left, and according to Iowa City Police Department Capt. Patrick Harney: ‘obviously, between Saturday night and Sunday morning, she disappeared.’

When Jane didn’t report to Penn Elementary School on the morning of Monday, September 8, 1975  her principal Larry Sharp tried calling her but was unsuccessful; from there, he reached out to the mobile home parks main office, and the manager contacted her boyfriend, who immediately came to meet him and together they went to her residence. According to Jeff Burnham of ‘The Gazette: ‘outside, they found her bicycle locked to the yard lamp, and her Fiat in its parking space. Inside, they found her purse and other belongings, but no sign of Jane Wakefield.’ Sharp also called the Iowa City police department and reported her as missing, who upon arrival found everything to be in order and they determined that nothing was missing or out of place; they also said evidence suggested she had recently showered before she left.

In October 1976 a thousand-dollar reward was offered by Wakefield’s parents for any information leading to the arrest of the person (or persons) that were responsible for the disappearance of Jane. According to Investigator Kidwell, ‘there was nothing in her home to indicate violence. It would appear that she had just left the trailer and was going to come back.’ About his estranged wife, John said ‘it seems to me if she decided to drop out and take a new identity, somewhere along the way she would have given me a call. She’s either decided never to resurface, or she’s dead.’ About Jane, Captain Patrick Harney said ‘you don’t have a body. You have no elements to prove there actually was a death. But it’s surrounded by circumstances all pointing to the fact that she’s dead.’

Iowa City police and the state department of Criminal Investigation officials in charge of the investigation said they approached Jane’s case as if it were a murder, not a disappearance and that although there was an unnamed suspect at one time, no one was ever charged in connection with her possible death.

Drainage: on October 2, 1975 Iowa City deputies drained two lagoons that were in close proximity to the mobile home park where Wakefield was residing at the time she vanished, and after the nine-and-a-half-hour-long process they never found any trace of her (one report said this was on September 10, 1975). The undertaking began after a man from Emporia, Kansas reported that they overheard a conversation between two male voices in a motel room discussing getting rid of a woman, ‘the same way we did that one back in Iowa City… in a sewage lagoon.’ 

A Break: four months after Jane disappeared, detectives got their first major break in the case when a Confidential Informant (who happened to be a friend of her husband, who was the main suspect) told investigators that John had killed his estranged wife, cremated her body in an industrial-scale incinerator behind the apartment building he owned (and lived in), then spread her ashes along a ditch on the Interstate-80 (one report said it was the I-40) just outside of Iowa City in the middle of the night (he actually deposited the majority of them in a rest stop garbage can). Wakefield had access to this piece of equipment thanks to one of his business endeavors, something that he and Jane were actively trying to figure out how to split up during their divorce. He had even gone so far as to shift the blame on her new boyfriend, and on September 6, 1975 had rented a car from the Cedar Rapids Airport that was a near match to the one driven by her new bf then drove to her residence late that night and choked her to death. He then put her in the trunk and drove it to his Iowa City apartment building.

According to the CI, Wakefield then placed a large amount of charcoal into an industrial sized trash incinerator, lit it, and placed Jane’s body inside; when the fire went out, he swept up its contents and placed them into a garbage can. The following night he drove out to the I-80 near Iowa City, pulled off to the side of the road then spread the bags contents along the ditch. Where Iowa detectives declined to disclose the identity of the CI, they confirmed he was friends with the suspect, and he passed a polygraph test. A series of lie detector tests narrowed the short list of suspects down to one, who refused to submit to one and questioned the ‘validity of such tests.’

At roughly 10:15 AM on the morning of January 30, 1976, Captain KL Stock of the Iowa City Police Department announced they had received ‘significant new evidence’ regarding the disappearance of Jane Wakefield. Armed with three search warrants for the apartment building the two businesses owned by John Wakefield, ‘Magoo’s Lounge’ (located at 206 North Linn Street) as well as ‘Four Cushions, Inc‘ (a billiards parlor located on Clinton Street). Captain Stock said a vacuum cleaner was taken from Wakefield’s residence and five more were seized across his two businesses; their contents were sent to ‘various labs’ for examination; additionally, forensic experts sifted through the contents of the incinerator and sent them to the state crime lab in Des Moines. Everything came back inconclusive.

From the apartment, Iowa state detectives along with agents from the Iowa Division of Criminal Investigation seized miscellaneous pieces of ‘bone debris,’ a small hunk of metal that looked to be a dental filling, along with a ‘small, white chip of bonelike material.’ They also seized five vacuum cleaners from the two businesses and the following week on February 6, 1976 roughly twenty detectives returned to the area and searched (on their hands and knees) through several miles of ditches north of Iowa City along the I-80; lab analysis of bone fragments found in the incinerator were inconclusive.

From the apartment, Iowa state detectives along with agents from the Iowa Division of Criminal Investigation seized miscellaneous pieces of ‘bone debris,’ a small hunk of gold that appeared to be a dental filling that was found in the base of the incinerator, along with a ‘small, white chip of bonelike material.’ The following week on February 6, 1976 roughly twenty detectives returned to the area and searched (on their hands and knees) through several miles of ditches north of Iowa City along the I-80.  Because of a lack of proper forensic technology, the bones were never confirmed to be Jane’s and tests on the fragments came back as inconclusive. John Wakefield was never charged with anything related to his estranged wife’s disappearance and is ‘officially’ not considered to be a suspect in this case (although her family strongly considers him to be a suspect).

According to Hank Reed, who was a friend of the couple, Jane was ‘a real nice, loving person. She liked kids a lot. That’s the reason she went into teaching.’ He also said that he believes his friend is dead but can’t elaborate further or explain why he feels that way. According to Willim Kidwell, a former Iowa state trooper turned PI, ‘ it naturally causes you to think that foul play was involved. Jane could be living happily somewhere, and no one would even know.’

I did notice a LOT of small inconsistencies that should have been caught in relation to this case:, as multiple articles have dates wrong. Iwa detectives believe Wakefield was the victim of foul play and is deceased. Looking into it, the apartment where John Wakefield was living at the time Jane disappeared was demolished after it was largely destroyed after a tornado ripped through Iowa City, so going back and searching through it isn’t a possibility.

923 Iowa Avenue: while doing my research, I learned the apartment where John Wakefield lived at the time his wife disappeared was demolished after it was mostly destroyed after a tornado ripped through Iowa City, so going back and searching through it for clues really isn’t possible.

Ted Bundy: on September 6, 1975, Ted Bundy was living in a room in a boarding house on East 1st Avenue in SLC (he was there until the following month), and by that time he had already been arrested and was under intense investigation by authorities (across multiple states). Oddly enough, it was the same day that the remains of Lake Sammamish victims Janice Ott and Denise Naslund and a third victim were discovered in Issaquah. At that time Ted was still actively working toward his law degree (despite the legal charges that were pending against him) and was still in a relationship with Elizabeth Kloepher (although their love had grown very rocky by that point). Bundy was actively trying to evade suspicion and was in the process of trying to sell his VW Big, which was later seized by LE.

Though not yet arrested for murder, police in Washington and Utah were narrowing in on Bundy and within weeks Carol DaRonch identified him in a police lineup, which lead to his first arrest in October 1975. I do want to say for the record, no part of me ever thought Ted was responsible for Jane’s disappearance: I kept coming across her story on Pinterest and I decided I had to write about her.

Robert Ben Rhoades: Ms. Wakefield is the first young woman I’ve written from Iowa, so I had to spend a fair amount of time looking into active serial killers that fit into that time frame, and one name that jumped out to me was Robert Ben Rhodes, aka ‘The Truckstop Killer.’ Rhodes is confirmed to have tortured and killed at least two couples in Illinois and Texas in 1989 and 1990, and he is suspected of torturing, raping, and killing more than fifty women between 1975 and 1990 based on data that has been collected about his driving routes and missing/murdered women that fit the profile of his preferred victims. At the time Rhoades was apprehended, he claimed to have been participating in these activities for fifteen years.

Jane’s Family: Jane’s mother Pauline remarried a man named John Burkhardt and died at the age of sixty-one on May 3, 1986 in Minneapolis. Karen Hallberg got married at the tender age of sixteen to twenty-two-year-old John McRew on August 24, 1968; the couple had three daughters together and according to his obituary they divorced in 1974. She died at the age of sixty-two on November 23, 2014.

Richard Eric Hallberg died at the age of fifty-one on October 1, 1975 in Kansas City, Missouri. According to his obituary, he attended school in Ludington, MI and was an employee of the Park Dairy while he lived there; before his death he lived in Kansas City and it’s worth noting that none of his daughters are listed by name in the write-up. His wife Vicki Irene Hallberg died at the age of forty-nine on May 10, 1977 and she is buried next to him in Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery in Kansas (even though his obituary said he was married to a woman named ‘Rosemary’ at the time of his death).

Conclusion: seven years after she was last seen alive, Jane Ellen Hallberg-Wakefield was declared legally deceased on September 5, 1982. No charges were ever filed in relation to her disappearance. As of April 2026, no sign of Jane has never been found and she would be seventy-seven-years-old. Pauline Hallberg had her daughter’s Fiat, her last paycheck from the Iowa City Community School District, and other items totaling around $15,000 in value were placed in a conservatorship. Wakefield’s case has been considered ‘inactive’ since 1976.

According to a background check done by a Redditor, John has lived all over the US since his wife mysteriously disappeared in the fall of 1975, and has resided in North Sioux City, SD, Jefferson, SD, Iowa City, IA, and Oviedo, FL. Per their father’s obituary, his brother Robert Wakefield is an ordained minister and a Reverend and resides in St. Croix, which is an island in the US Virgin Islands.

Works Cited:
charleyproject.org/case/jane-ellen-wakefield
‘JANE ELLEN WAKEFIELD: Missing from Iowa City, IA – 8 Sept 1975 – Age 26.’ Taken April 16, 2026 from crimewatchers.ne
missingpersons.iowa.gov
Quinn, Megan. (January 20, 2022). ‘Meg’s Cold Cases: Jane Wakefield.’ Taken April 16, 2026 from thelibertylivewire.com
‘Missing: Jane Wakefield.’ (April 1, 2023). Taken April 16, 2026 from uncovered.com/cases/jane-wakefield

Jane’s birth announcement that was published in The Ludington Daily News on November 20, 1948.
One of Jane’s birth announcement that was published in The Elroy Leader Tribune on November 26th, 1948.
Richard and Jane are mentioned in some hospital notes from The Ludington Daily News on November 23, 1948.
Jane Ellen Hallberg from the 1964 Kennedy High School yearbook.
Jane Hallberg from the 1965 Bloomington High School yearbook.
Jane Hallberg in a group photo from ‘the Kips’ (aka her schools swim team) taken from the 1965 Bloomington High School yearbook.
Jane Ellen Hallberg from the 1966 Kennedy High School yearbook.
Jane Ellen Hallberg in a picture from her time in National Honor Society taken from the 1966 Kennedy High School yearbook.
Jane in a group picture from Spanish club from the 1966 Kennedy High School yearbook.
Jane Ellen Wakefield.
Jane Ellen Wakefield.
Jane Ellen Wakefield.
A picture from a search of John Wakefield’s apartment that was published in The Iowa City Press-Citizen on January 30, 1976.
The Hallberg family in the 1950 US Census.
A newspaper article announcing the marriage of John A. Wakefield and Jane Ellen Hallberg that was published in The Sioux City Journal on October 9, 1967.
An article about the fatal car accident Jane Ellen Wakefield was involved in that was published in The Gazette on July 20, 1967.
An article about the fatal car accident Jane Ellen Wakefield was involved in that was published in The Quad-City Times on July 20, 1967.
An article about the legal repercussions as a result of the fatal car accident that Jane Ellen Wakefield was involved in that was published in The Gazette on October 11, 1968.
An article about two ponds being drained in an attempt to locate Jane Wakefield that was published in The Gazette on October 3, 1975.
An article about foul play being involved with the disappearance of Jane Wakefield that was published in The Iowa City Press-Citizen on January 30, 1976.
An article about John Wakefield being investigated for some shady business practices that also mentions Jane that was published in The Gazette on January 31, 1976.
An article about John Wakefield being investigated for some shady business practices that also mentions Jane that was published in The Daily Iowan on February 2, 1976.
An newspaper advertisement for a reward for any information that leads to the arrest of the person that is responsible for the disappearance of Jane Wakefield that was published in The Iowa City Press-Citizen on October 29, 1976.
An newspaper clipping advertising a reward for any information that leads to the arrest of the person that is responsible for the disappearance of Jane Wakefield that was published in The Daily Iowan on September 17, 1976.
An newspaper clipping advertising a reward for any information that leads to the arrest of the person that is responsible for the disappearance of Jane Wakefield that was published in The Iowa City Press-Citizen on September 17, 1976.
A newspaper clipping offering a reward for any information leading to the arrest for the person responsible for the disappearance of Jane Wakefield that was published in The Des Moines Register on September 19, 1976.
Part one of an article about the disappearance of Jane Wakefield that was published in The Iowa City Press-Citizen on September 9, 1985.
Part two of an article about the disappearance of Jane Wakefield that was published in The Iowa City Press-Citizen on September 9, 1985.
An article about the ten year anniversary of the disappearance of Jane Wakefield that was published in The Muscatine Journal on September 10, 1985.
An article about the ten year anniversary of the disappearance of Jane Wakefield that was published in The Gazette on September 16, 1985.
A clipping about the estate of Jane Wakefield in relation to her disappearance that was published in The Iowa City Press-Citizen on November 20, 1987.
An article about the continued search for Jane Wakefield that was published in The Iowa City Press-Citizen on January 25, 1990.
Part one of an article about the disappearance of Jane Wakefield that was published in The Gazette on March 19, 1992.
Part two of an article about the disappearance of Jane Wakefield that was published in The Gazette on March 19, 1992.
Jane was missing her number fourteen tooth.
A screenshot of some information about ‘The Jesus People’ taken from their website.
Some comments made about John Wakefield in a thread about Jane.
Some comments made about John Wakefield in a Facebook post about Jane.
A comment on a crimewatchers.net post about Jane Ellen Wakefield made by user ‘GarAndMo39.’
Another comment on a crimewatchers.net post about Jane Ellen Wakefield made by user ‘GarAndMo39.’
Another comment on a crimewatchers.net post about Jane Ellen Wakefield made by user ‘GarAndMo39.’
Part of John Wakefield’s background check from a comment on a crimewatchers.net post about Jane Ellen Wakefield made by user ‘GarAndMo39.’
A comment on a Websleuth’s post about Jane Ellen Wakefield made by user ‘GarAndTeed.’
A second comment on a Websleuth’s post about Jane Ellen Wakefield made by user ‘GarAndTeed.’
Bundy’s whereabouts according to the 1992 FBI TB Multiagency Team Report.
A possible route from Bundy’s residence on East 1st Avenue in SLC to the Bon-Aire Mobile Home Park in Iowa City, IA.
A prison photo of Robert Ben Rhoades.
John A. Wakefield’s birth certificate.
The Wakefield’s from the 1950 US Census.
John’s childhood home located at 2206 Kennedy Drive in Sioux City, IA.
John Wakefield from the 1960 Central High School yearbook.
A clipping about an accident John Wakefield was involved in as a young adult that was published in The Tribune on May 21, 1964.
A clipping about one of the businesses that John Wakefield owned that was published in The Iowa City Press-Citizen on February 5, 1972.
A clipping about a legal matter John Wakefield was involved in that was published in The Iowa City Press-Citizen on May 24, 1974.
Someone slashed two of John Wakefield’s tires, according to the ‘police report’ that was published in The Iowa City Press-Citizen on October 5, 1978.
The obituary for John’s father George R. Wakefield, who died at the age of eighty-one in 1992 that was published in The Sioux City Journal on February 3, 1992.
A picture of University of Iowa sophomore Ted Krausman taking a picture of what was left of his 3rd floor apartment located at 923 Iowa Avenue in a picture taken on April 14,2006 in Iowa City, Iowa. Krausman’s apartment lost its roof and most of its walls Thursday night when a tornado ripped through the area. Photo courtesy of Matthew Holst of The Iowa City Press-Citizen.
UI sophomore Ted Krausman takes stock of what remains of his 3rd floor apartment located at 923 Iowa Ave., Friday April 14,2006 in Iowa City, Iowa. Krausman’s apartment lost its roof and most of its walls Thursday night when a tornado ripped through the area. Photo courtesy of Matthew Holst of The Iowa City Press-Citizen.
The former ‘Magoo’s Bar’ located at 206 North Linn Street.
Two newspaper advertisements for Magoo’s courtesy of the ‘Fans of Magoo’s Bar in Iowa City’ Facebook page.
Richard Hallburg’s WWII draft card.
A newspaper clipping mentioning Richard Hallberg that was published in The Ludington Daily News on January 23, 1943.
A newspaper clipping announcing the marriage of Richard Hallberg and Pauline Rebman that was published in The Elroy Leader Tribune on December 21, 1945.
Susan Hallberg’s birth announcement that was published in The Elroy Leader Tribune on October 11, 1946.
Richard Hallberg and his family was mentioned in an blurb that was published in The Elroy Leader Tribune on April 23, 1948.
A newspaper article about Pauline’s brothers return home for an emergency furlo that was published in The Elroy Leader Tribune on May 6, 1949.
A newspaper article about Pauline’s father’s death that was published in The Elroy Leader Tribune on May 13, 1949.
A clipping that mentions Richard Hallberg paying a fine related to aa parking infraction that was published in The Ludington Daily News on December 24, 1949.
An article mentioning Pauline Hallberg that was published on May 20, 1953 in Ludington Michigan.
A clipping that mentions Richard Hallberg and his three daughters that was published in The Elroy Leader Tribune on May 29, 1953.
A clipping that mentions Richard Hallberg and his three daughters that was published in The Elroy Leader Tribune on September 18, 1953.
Richard and Pauline are mentioned in an article published on July 29, 1958 in Ludington, MI (publication title unknown).
A clipping that mentions Richard Hallberg being fined $50 for being in violation of the open bottle law that was published in The Minneapolis Star on January 5, 1961.
Richard and Pauline Wakefield were divorced in August 1965 according to a list of name published in The Star Tribune on August 6, 1965.
A newspaper article that mentions Pauline Hallberg helping out in her local Ladies Auxiliary group that was published in The Ludington Daily News on December 21, 1966.
An article about the arrest of Richard Eric Hallberg that was published in The Star Tribune on October 21, 1967.
Richard Hallberg’s second marriage certificate from his time with Alice C. Jacobson.
Richard Hallberg’s obituary that was published in The Ludington Daily News on October 2, 1975.
The final resting place of Jane’s father, Richard Hallberg.
Karen Hallberg.
Karen Hillberg-McRew.
An article mentioning Karen M. Hallberg that was published in The Star Tribune on May 16, 1963.
Karen Bryant’s obituary from The Austin American-Statesman on November 30, 2014.
The Obituary for John Thomas (Jane’s sister Karen’s husband) that was published in The Daily Inter Lake on December 25, 2016.
Susan Hallberg from the 1962 Bloomington High School yearbook.
An article about Jane’s sister Susan that was published in The Star Tribune on September 13, 1964.
Jane’s mother’s final resting place.
An article about John Wakefield’s brother giving a sermon at a local chutrch that was published in The Sioux City Journal on July 16, 1965.
An article about John Wakefield’s brother Robert being ordained that was published in The Sioux City Journal on May 9, 1967.

Karen Louise Wiles.

Karen Louise Wiles was born on January 21, 1950 to Richard and Phyllis Wiles in Tacoma, WA. Richard Frederick Wiles was born on September 7, 1923 in Burlington, WA and Phyllis Irene Hurn was born on November 10, 1927 in Sunnyside, Washington. After ‘Dick’ served in both WWII and the Korean War, he returned home and the couple were married on April 10, 1946; at first the family resided in Sedro-Woolley before they relocated to Burlington in 1958, where they laid down roots. They had five children together: Dianne (b. 1952), Karen, Brenda (b. 1963), Stephen, and Randall (b. 1956).

Details about Karen’s life are basically non-existent: the only real ‘fact’ I was able to find about her is that she had some sort of diminished mental capacity and during her adolescence attended/lived at the Fircrest School in Shoreline, WA. Fircrest was a major Residential Habilitation Center for those that suffered from intellectual disabilities and was designed to provide residential care, nursing, and habilitative services for those with ‘unique medical needs;’ it operated under the Washington State Department of Social and Health Services. Sadly, I was only able to find one black and white picture of Karen in an article that was published after her murder, most likely due to the fact that she never attended any sort of formal schooling (for example, Fircrest isn’t on classmates.com). Around three weeks prior to her death, Karen was voluntarily committed to Western State Hospital on February 4, 1975 after she was confined ‘in a series of Seattle mental-health facilities.’ Detectives said she had briefly resided there in October of 1974 but left after only two weeks; she was found by police the following month and was ‘returned to care in Seattle.’

Around noon on February 21, 1975 the semi-nude remains of Karen Wiles were found around eight miles from Western State Hospital in a blackberry patch by a Port of Tacoma employee that had been inspecting a tidal gate at a dead end of Lincoln Avenue (one source said it was Taylor Avenue). It was an area known as the ‘tideflats,’ and during the daytime it was a semi-busy area close to Seattle… but at night, it transformed into a dark, deserted place that was known for attracting unsavory individuals that were typically partaking in some sort of illegal activity (aka: it was the perfect place to dump a body). It was strongly believed by investigators that she’d been murdered somewhere else and dumped at the tideflats.

At the time she had been found, Wiles was only wearing stockings and a dress that had been pulled up to her hips, and she was naked from the waist down; her shoes, jacket, and underclothing were found nearby.  According to the Pierce County Coroner Jack Davelaae, her cause of death was strangulation, and detectives said twine had been found wrapped around her neck; she also had noticeable impressions on her wrists, which were an indication that she’d been bound when she was alive. Close to where her remains were found, investigators found a three-foot-long black plastic hose, which is interesting because Warren Leslie Forrest’s first victim said that at one point during her attack her assailant had penetrated with a hose which had been seized as evidence from Warren’s van: it was described as being approximately two inches in diameter and a couple of feet long and was very similar to the one found near Karen’s body (which unfortunately had gotten lost at some point after being brought into evidence).

Just a few weeks prior to her admission to the facility, suspected serial killer Warren Leslie Forrest had been committed after it was determined he had been ‘not guilty by reason of insanity’ after he got caught attacking his Lacamas Lake victim, and on January 31, 1975 he was committed to the Western State Mental Hospital in Steilacoom, WA.

Authorities had no other choice than to turn to the public for help in identifying the young victim and turned to the local news: after the story aired some nurses at WSH came through forward and made the positive identification. According to Detective Lieutenant Grenville Legge, the twenty-five-year-old Wiles was last seen at the Western State Penitentiary around 6 PM on Tuesday, February 21. 1975: she had been wearing a blueprint blouse, red and white checkered double-knit slacks, white stockings, blue tennis shoes, and a blue ski jacket. She was 5’8,” weighed around 175 pounds and had long brown hair and blue-grey eyes.

A spokesman for Western State Hospital said that because Wiles had voluntarily entered the facility and was not a minor, they were under no obligation to notify her parents when she left their care. Detective Legge said that in the days that immediately followed her disappearance investigators interviewed hospital employees along with their residents about the activities of Karen on the morning she was last seen; he also said they had ‘briefly’ chased a lead regarding a report of a vehicle with its headlights out that had been seen leaving the area on the evening she was last seen alive (nothing ever came of it).

According to investigators, statements made by Wiles family and other patients at Western State Hospital were ‘conflicting:’ one fellow patient said that in the morning on the day she vanished Karen had told her about her intentions of hitchhiking to Seattle, but this was only if she was able to leave the hospitals grounds; also, according to the same patient, she had returned to her room in the ‘early afternoon’ and changed her clothes. Additionally, a resident of Lakewood, WA came forward and told Pierce County Sheriff’s that they saw a woman that matched Wiles description hitchhiking ‘towards Tacoma’ on Steilacoom Boulevard around 2:30 PM on February 21. 1975… however, they also said that they received several additional reports that she was at a few other locations across Washington at the time as well.

These reports that Karen was seen hitchhiking in the middle of the afternoon are in direct conflict with a finding from the pathologist’s report from her autopsy: the food that had been found in her stomach matched the meal that had been served at Western State Hospital that evening, which took place between 4 PM and 6 PM; they also said that the ‘digestion was not far advanced.’ Which means is her last meal had been at the hospital, then she may have been killed sometime between dinner and 8 PM. Investigators were also looking into several vehicles that were seen near the facility on the day of and after she was last seen alive. The RN’s at the hospital that identified Karen’s remains told detectives that she ‘would do anything to get a drink,’ and had gotten caught with alcohol at the facility before she disappeared. They also said she had ‘self-destruction’ tendencies and had recently ‘superficially’ cut herself. Police passed her picture around in the lower Pacific Avenue bars as well as at the hospital and around the tideflats area where her remains were recovered, but they came up empty handed.

These reports that Karen was seen hitchhiking in the middle of the afternoon are in direct conflict with a finding from the pathologist’s report from her autopsy: the food that had been found in her stomach matched the meal that had been served at Western State Hospital that evening, which took place between 4 PM and 6 PM; they also said that the ‘digestion was not far advanced.’ Which means is her last meal had been at the hospital, then she may have been killed sometime between dinner and 8 PM. Investigators were also looking into several vehicles that were seen near the facility on the day of and after she was last seen alive. The RN’s at the hospital that identified Karen’s remains told detectives that she ‘would do anything to get a drink,’ and had gotten caught with alcohol at the facility before she disappeared. They also said she had ‘self-destruction’ tendencies and had recently ‘superficially’ cut herself. Police passed her picture around in the lower Pacific Avenue bars as well as at the hospital and around the tideflats area where her remains were recovered, but they came up empty handed.

According to ‘Stolen Voices of Dole Valley,’ the murder of Karen Wiles has recently been reopened, and for the first time since her death detectives in Tacoma questioned Warren Leslie Forrest about her death (however all their attempts were unsuccessful, as he refused to answer their questions). The use of a ligature to strangle the victim along with the sexual assault was consistent with Forrest’s MO, and it’s been reported that he worked with Karen in the hospitals kitchen; despite some restrictions (he wasn’t supposed to leave the facilities grounds the first few weeks he was there), he was still somehow able to leave the hospital and he did have access to his vehicle (I also saw he had access to the facilities van).Also, interestingly enough, Warren Forrest’s then wife Sharon claimed he was having an extramarital affair with one of the members of the staff at Western State Hospital, a fact that one of his ‘good friends’ verified when they were interviewed by detectives (he said that her name was Nancy). This is interesting to me, because in 1984 he married one of the nurses at the prison he was incarcerated in (Walla Walla State Penitentiary).

Because of not wanting to write about the same things repeatedly, I’m not going to go over the more commonly discussed victims of Warren Leslie Forrest, only because I have written about them all in the last two articles about him. The use of a ligature to strangle the victim along with the sexual assault was consistent with Forrest’s MO, which targeted young girls and women in the Clark County area of Washington state in the early to middle 1970’s (often those who were hitchhiking or walking alone). He frequently used a blue 1973 Ford Econoline van in his attacks, and in one of his cases where the victim survived, she said that he used a knife to threaten her then he forced her into the back of his vehicle. During abductions, he questioned victims about their age, relationships, and sexual history to assess them according to his own notions of morality. WLF’s preferred torture tool (which was a unique signature in relation to his MO) was an air-powered dart pistol, and he shot his victims with darts as a form of torture before eventually abandoning and/or killing them. He often left the women in remote, heavily wooded areas such as Dole Valley, Lacamas Lake, or Tukes Mountain in a state park (which makes sense, as he worked for the parks department) and they were typically bound with rope or baling twine, and were frequently tied between trees. Forrest’s primary methods of murder were strangulation and stabbing, with wounds that were typically consistent with the use of an ice pick or darts. 

Investigators involved in Karen’s case said that in relation to Warren Leslie Forrest, although circumstantial evidence aligns in the case, it lacks physical proof: Tacoma Detective Sergeant Julie Deer said: ‘there are similarities that one can’t ignore… but we have to have evidence.’ According to current members of the Pierce County Sheriff’s Department, the staff at the Western State Hospital didn’t cooperate with the original detectives from the Tacoma Police Department back in 1975, which was detrimental when it came to the investigation. During his interview with Carolyn Osorio, retired Pierce County Police Chief WW Parrott made it clear that investigators were extremely suspicious about the goings on at Western State Hospital in the 1970’s, and the murder investigation hit a wall in 1978 partially due to ‘uncooperative staff, and: ‘investigators were extremely suspicious’ and had been ‘stymied by the staff at Western at every turn.’ Because Wiles was ‘a marginalized woman’ without close family advocates, investigators said her murder sadly became an afterthought, and her case quickly fell to the wayside.

According to the Pierce County Sheriff’s Department, some of the evidence related to Wiles case was either ‘mishandled or lost,’ and crucial biological evidence that could have belonged to the suspect (such as swabs and pantyhose) was lost. Before Tacoma PD Detective Lindsey Wade retired in 2018, she submitted some of Weil’s clothing to a lab in Washington state for DNA testing, along with the twine that had been recovered from around her neck; the results came back as ‘inconclusive,’ meaning no DNA from the suspect had been identified. 

According to Chief Parrott, ‘the majority of my investigation into this homicide was conducted in and about the grounds of Western State Hospital. And I don’t feel I have to capitalize on you the difficulty that one is confronted with when attempting to conduct major investigations at this institution. It’s been my feeling from the mere outset of my investigation into this homicide that the suspects responsible for the demise of Karen Wiles were somehow connected to the hospital in one capacity or another. However, I have yet to be successful in attaching suspicions to any one person.’

Richard Frederick Wiles died at the age of eighty on December 5, 2003 in Burlington, Washington. Karen’s mother Phyllis Irene Wiles passed away at the age of eighty-six on August 18, 2014 at home with her family by her bedside; the mother of five enjoyed crocheting ‘beautiful doilies,’ and loved to bake apple pie (her family’s favorite dessert) for every occasion; cinnamon rolls and pineapple upside down cake were also a specialty of hers. According to her obituary, Phyllis loved animals, country music, movies, and the beautiful flowers that her son was always bringing to her, and she never left home without her earrings on and always wore a heartfelt smile.

Karen’s sister Dianne died at the age of seventy-three on November 29, 2025 at Riverside Village, and according to her obituary, after high school she relocated to Oregon and was a co-owner of ‘His and Her’s Locksmith’ in South Bend for twenty years. Upon retiring Dianne returned to Washington to take care of her mother, and she adored being a mom and grandmother; she also loved to cook and was an avid reader, and had an extensive library of books (she especially was fond of cookbooks).

Both of Karen’s brothers are still alive: after college Stephen relocated to Collierville, Tennessee, and Randy Wiles stayed in Burlington, WA. Her sister Brenda Wiles-Harley is currently residing in Mount Vernon, WA.

Works Cited:
Carolyn Osorio. (September 9, 2025). Stolen Voices of Dole Valley, Episode 5: The Good-Looking Stranger. Taken February 12, 2026 from https://pod.wave.co/

Karen Wiles.
The Wile’s family from the 1950 US census.
A newspaper clipping about the identification of Karen Wiles that was published on The Seattle Times Page on February 24, 1975.
The Obituary for Karen Wiles published in The Bellingham Herald on February 24, 1975.
An article about the murder of Karen Wiles published in The News Tribune on February 24, 1975.
An article about the murder of Karen Wiles published in The News Tribune on February 25, 1975.
An article about the murder of Karen Wiles published in The Seattle Times on February 27, 1975.
An article about the murder of Karen Wiles published in The News Tribune on March 1, 1975.
The death certificate of Karen Louise Wiles.
Karen Wile’s grave site.
Some residential buildings in the Hollywood on the tideflats community from 1938. Photo by Richards Studio, courtesy of the Tacoma Public Library.
In the spring of 1942, under the direction of the Coast Guard the Tacoma Fire Department burned most of the houses in the tideflats. Photo taken by Richards Studio on May 20, 1942, courtesy of the Tacoma Public Library.
An article about an illness Richard Wiles suffered from as a young child that was published in The Bellingham Herald on November 24, 1928.
Richard and Phyllis’s High School graduation pictures photoshopped together: Phyllis Hurn graduated from Sedro Woolley High School and Richard graduated from Burlington High School.
Mr. Wile’s WWII draft card.
Richard Wile’s draft card from the Korean War.
The affidavit for a marriage license for Richard Wiles and Phyllis Hurn dated April 6, 1946.
Richard and Phyllis Wile’s marriage certificate dated April 10, 1946.
Richard Wiles and Phyllis Hurn listed in the Marriage Register from Skagit county in 1946.
Steve Wiles from the Burlington-Edison High School yearbook.
Dianne Wiles from the 1967 Burlington-Edison High School yearbook.
Another article mentioning Karen’s brother Stephen serving in the US Navy that was published in The Bellingham Herald on February 4, 1970.
An article mentioning Karen’s brother Steve serving in the US Navy that was published in The Bellingham Herald on August 10, 1970.
Randall Wiles senior picture from the 1974 Burlington-Edison High School yearbook.
An article mentioning Karen’s sister Dianne’s in relation to her husband serving in the US Navy that was published in The Bellingham Herald on February 19, 1980.
Brenda Wiles from the 1981 Burlington-Edison High School yearbook.
Phyllis Wiles.
Karen’s parents.
Richard and Phyllis Wiles.
Phyllis Wiles Grave site.
Karen’s sister, Dianne.
A word of condolence I found on Karen’s mother’s obituary page.

Stephen Arnold ‘Buzzy’ Ware.

Stephen ‘Buzzy’ Arnold Ware was born on January 23, 1943 to Arnold and Freda (nee Cowperthwaite) in Santa Maria, CA. Arnold Grassel ‘Barney’ Ware was born on June 11, 1915 in Butler, IL, and Freda Catherine Cowperthwaite was born on September 9, 1916 in Golden, CO. The couple were wed on March 7, 1941 in Denver, Colorado and had three children together: Stephen, Randolph ‘Stick’ Howard (b. 1944, Santa Barbara), and Mary Ann (b. 1949, Detroit). The elder Mr. Ware lived quite an extraordinary life: he earned his MS in Biochemistry from the University of Colorado in 1939 and went on to get his PhD from the same institution in 1942. He was an Army Captain in the Pacific during WWII (he served from 1941-1945), and upon returning home got a position as the director of a medical lab at a Los Angeles County Hospital, where he was employed until 1973. Later in the same year, he became the co-owner of Biocon Lab in Pasadena (he retired in 1984) and he was an assistant Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Southern California’s Medical School.

After graduating from South Pasadena High School in 1960, Buzzy went on to receive his Bachelors from the University of Colorado in 1964, and earned a law degree from the University of Southern California in 1968. After he passed the bar exam, he opened a law practice in Aspen, and in July of 1977 he was appointed as Ted Bundy’s attorney in his first-degree murder case.

Stephen married Pamela Craven-Rutherford on December 13, 1974 in Aspen, CO. The daughter of a prominent General Practitioner in Boulder, Pam was born on August 23, 1946 in San Diego, CA (one source said it was Boulder, CO), and was one of nine brothers and sisters. She graduated from Boulder High School in 1964 and went on to attend Western State University, where she dually majored in Sociology and Psychology. While there, she was very active in extracurricular activities, and was a member of Ski Club, Water Ski Club, and the Association of Women Students.

On June 16, 1977, Judge George E. Lohr appointed Ware as the new counsel for Theodore Robert Bundy for the murder of Michigan nurse, Caryn Campbell: at the time he was an ambitious young lawyer that looked ‘more like a ski bum than an attorney,’ and despite only being in his early thirties, he had already began to make a name for himself in Aspen: he had never lost a jury trial and flew his own plane and rode a motorcycle; he was also known as the man to have on your side in narcotics cases. Immediately after he was appointed as Bundy’s case, Ware flew to Texas as defense counsel in a major federal racketeering case.

According to Ann Rule’s true crime classic ‘The Stranger Beside Me,’ Ware was known around Colorado as ‘a winner,’ and Bundy somehow sensed that: in a phone call between Ted and the author, he sounded ‘jubilant’ when he talked about his new attorney, and she sensed that any residual feelings about his recent failed escape (which was between June 7th to June 13th, 1977) were quickly forgotten by August when he filed a motion for a retrial in Utah; this was done in relation to the Carol DaRonch case (due largely to what he felt were Detective Jerry Thompson’s suggestions to her that she pick out his photo from a line-up).

In an attempt to beef up its case against Bundy, the prosecution team brought in ‘similar transactions’ that were reminiscent of Campbells murder: they introduced testimony about the kidnapping conviction of Carol DaRonch, the murders and the disappearances of Melissa Smith, Laura Aime, and Debbie Kent in Utah, and the eight missing girls from Seattle. They tried to prove that the crimes attributed to Bundy fit some sort of ‘pattern,’ and they shared some commonalities, but when considered individually each one lacked ‘clout.’ Unfortunately (as we all know), Ted escaped for a second to Florida at the very end of 1977 and Campbell’s trial never happened).

One can only speculate what might have happened if Ted had had the continued support of his promising young attorney that fed new energy into his defense: on the night of August 11, 1977 Ware and his wife were involved in a motorcycle crash in the shale bluffs of Aspen, an event that killed Mrs. Ware on impact and left Buzzy with skull and facial fractures, countless internal injuries, and a broken leg. He was taken first by ambulance to Aspen Valley Hospital then was airlifted to St. Anthony’s Hospital in Denver.

According to one of the responding officers, James Loyd of the Colorado Highway Patrol, there was ‘no apparent reason for the accident,’ and the motorcycle veered off the left side of the pavement on a right hand curve, where he hit an embankment that stopped him at impact, throwing both Ware and Pamela off the bike, which caught fire shortly after the crash and was completely incinerated by the time help arrived. In the days that immediately followed the accident Buzzy was placed in a coma, and there were some worries that he could have possibly suffered from permanent paralysis.

There was no doubt about it: Ware would be in no shape to represent Bundy in court and once again, he was alone. Ted was devastated by the accident, as he had been counting on him to help clear his name in relation to the murder of Caryn Campbell. Although he never completely recovered from the accident, Buzzy continued to practice law in Denver and Boulder, and after he retired he relocated to Southern California, where he dabbled in pro-bono work, wrote several books, and ‘continued his lifelong fascination with fiction.’ He never remarried.

Buzzy Ware died of natural causes on September 3, 2006 in Portland, OR at the age of sixty-three (one source lists San Gabriel, CA). In his obituary, he was said to have had ‘a colorful character,’ and was loved by many close family members and friends, who said although his ‘injuries were deep both physically and emotionally, his generosity and the goodness of his heart were constant.’ Buzzy is laid to rest in the Ware Grove Cemetery located in Butler, IL.

Buzzy’s mother Freda passed away on August 11, 1977 in Denver, Colorado at the age of ninety-six. Buzzy’s father ‘Barney’ died at the age of seventy-one on January 25, 1987 in Pasadena, CA. His sister Mary Ann Ware currently resides in Portland, OR with her husband and is a retired Medical Doctor that specialized in internal medicine (some sources say she was a tuberculosis specialist). She graduated from the Utah School of Medicine in 1977 and completed her residency in Internal Medicine from University of Rochester Medical Center in 1980.

Like his brother, Stick Ware graduated from the University of Colorado: he earned multiple Bachelors degrees in Math, Chemistry, and Physics, his MS in Physics, and his PhD in Experimental Nuclear Physics. He is the Founder and Chief Scientist of Radiometrics, which is a manufacturing company that deals with appliances and electronics that is based in Boulder, CO; per his LinkedIn profile, it is a ‘world leader in the development of ground-based remote sensing.’ Stick is also the ‘founder emeritus’ of Boulder Beer, which was established in 1978.  He currently resides in Boulder with his wife.

Buzzy in elementary school.
Stephen Ware’s picture from the 1943 University of Colorado yearbook.
Buzzy standing with his motorcycle with some of his friends.
A photo of Buzzy and Bundy, photo courtesy of Tiffany Jean.
A second photo of Buzzy and Bundy, photo courtesy of Tiffany Jean.
Buzzy.
Buzzy posing by a truck.
The site of Buzzy’s former law office, located at 940 Logan Street in Denver, CO.
A newspaper clipping that mentions the fact that Buzzy’s birth certificate was filed published in The Santa Maria Times on January 28, 1943.
Ware in a list of graduates from the 1961 class of South Pasadena High School published in The South Pasadena Review on June 12, 1961.
An article about Buzzy getting a fine for passing a stop sign published in The Fort Collins Coloradoan on September 26, 1962.
A newspaper clipping about Buzzy earning his Bachelors degree published in The South Pasadena Review on June 2, 1965.
An article about a case Ware was trying published in The Daily Sentinel on December 14, 1972.
Buzzy is mentioned in a list of names that got traffic infractions that was published in The Daily Sentinel on July 22, 1974.
An article about a trial that Buzzy Ware was trying published in The Daily Sentinel on May 27, 1975.
An article about a case that Buzzy trying published in The Nevada State Journal on January 9, 1976.
Part one of an article about the trial of Ted Bundy that was published in The Straight Creek Journal on October 26, 1976.
Part two of an article about the trial of Ted Bundy that was published in The Straight Creek Journal on October 26, 1976.
Part three of an article about the trial of Ted Bundy that was published in The Straight Creek Journal on October 26, 1976.
An article about Bundy’s trial that mentions Buzzy Ware being his attorney published in The Daily Sentinel on July 30, 1977.
An article about Bundy’s trial that mentions Buzzy Ware being his attorney published in The Daily Sentinel on August 1, 1977.
An article about Bundy’s trial that mentions Buzzy Ware being his attorney published in The Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph on August 4, 1977.
An article about Ware’s accident that mentions Bundy published in The News Tribune on August 11, 1977.
An article about Ware’s accident published in The Daily Sentinel on August 11, 1977.
An article about Ware’s accident published in The Pueblo Chieftain on August 12, 1977.
An article about a trial Buzzy was involved in after his motorcycle accident that was published in The Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph on June 16, 1978.
An article about an accident Buzzy was involved in published in The Pueblo Chieftain on August 22, 1980.
The Ware family in the 1950 census.
Buzzy and Pamela’s marriage license.
Buzzy and Pamela’s marriage certificate.
Stephen and his family mentioned in a book about the Ware family history.
Pamela Craven from the 1962 Boulder High School yearbook.
Pamela Craven’s senior year picture from the 1964 Boulder High School yearbook.
A picture of Pam from the 1968 Western State College yearbook.
The entrance to the Ware Family Cemetery, located in Butler, IL.
Buzzy’s parents final resting place.
Arnold Ware.
Arnold Ware (top left) with his family before he married Freda.
Stephen’s mother, Freda.
Buzzy’s mother is society section of the The Daily Sentinel, which was published on June 13, 1938.
Arnold Ware’s WWII draft card.
The birth announcement for Stephen’s brother Randolph published in The Santa Maria Times on June 22, 1944.
A picture of Buzzy’s brother ‘Stick’ from the 1964 Colorado College yearbook.
David Hummer, Stick Ware, and Al Nelson standing with a brew kettle on top of a vehicle during Boulder Beer’s early days, around 1979.
A picture of Dr. Mary Ann Ware published in The Oregonian on April 8, 1998.
Stick Ware’s marriage license from April 1992.
Stick Ware’s LinkedIn picture.
An article about Stick Ware’s brewery published in The Daily Sentinel on September 20, 2009.
Boulder Beer Company as it looks today.